A rhombus has half the area of the square with the same side length.
What is the ratio of the longer diagonal to that of the shorter one-
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Nice solution, Pranjal. Note that 2 + 3 = cot ( 1 5 ∘ ) .
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Yeah! Is there any relation with this question?
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Yes, there is. If the acute angle of the rhombus is θ , then the area of the rhombus will be a 2 sin ( θ ) . For this to equal 2 a 2 we must have
sin ( θ ) = 2 1 ⟹ θ = 3 0 ∘ .
Now, looking at a diagram of the rhombus and diagonals, since the diagonals cross at right angles we see that d 1 , d 2 are such that 2 d 1 , 2 d 2 and hypotenuse a form a right triangle with angle 2 3 0 ∘ = 1 5 ∘ opposite the side length 2 d 1 .
Thus cot ( 1 5 ∘ ) = 2 d 1 2 d 2 = d 1 d 2 .
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Let the side be a . Area of square will be a 2 . So the area of rhombus must be 2 a 2 . Let diagonals be denoted by d 1 and d 2 , d 1 > d 2
2 1 d 1 d 2 = 2 a 2 ⇒ d 1 d 2 = a 2 .......(1)
By pythagoras theorem,
( 2 d 1 ) 2 + ( 2 d 2 ) 2 = a 2
⇒ d 1 2 + d 2 2 = 4 a 2 .......(2)
(2) + 2 × (1)
( d 1 + d 2 ) 2 = 6 a 2
d 1 + d 2 = 6 a .......(3)
(2) − 2 × (1)
( d 1 − d 2 ) 2 = 2 a 2
d 1 − d 2 = 2 a .......(4)
Divide ( 3 ) by ( 4 ) , and apply componendo and dividendo to get
d 2 d 1 = 3 − 1 3 + 1 = 2 + 3 = 3 . 7 3 2