Many incircles

Geometry Level 5

Consider an arbitrary triangle A B C ABC .

The incircle of triangle A B C ABC touches B C BC at D D .

Let the incenter and the inradius of triangle A B D ABD be denoted by I 1 I_1 and r 1 r_1 .

Let the incenter and the inradius of triangle A C D ACD be denoted by I 2 I_2 and r 2 r_2 .

Find the value of I 1 I 2 ( r 1 + r 2 ) 2 ( a + b + c ) \dfrac{\overline{I_1 I_2} - (r_1 + r_2) }{2(a+b+c)} , where I 1 I 2 \overline{I_1 I_2} denotes the distance between the points I 1 I_1 and I 2 I_2 , and a , b , c a,b,c are the sides opposite to the vertices A , B , C A,B,C , respectively.


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 8, 2016

Since D D is the point of tangency of the incircle of A B C ABC with B C BC , we have B D = s b BD = s-b and C D = s c CD = s-c where s = 1 2 ( a + b + c ) s = \tfrac12(a+b+c) is the semiperimeter of A B C ABC . Similarly, if E 1 , E 2 E_1,E_2 are the points of tangency of the incircles of A B D ABD and A C D ACD with A D AD , then D E 1 = s 1 c DE_1 = s_1 - c and D E 2 = s 2 b DE_2 = s_2-b , where s 1 , s 2 s_1,s_2 are the semiperimeters of A B D ABD and A C D ACD . But s 1 = 1 2 ( c + A D + s b ) s 2 = 1 2 ( b + A D + s c ) s_1 = \tfrac12(c + AD + s-b) \hspace{2cm} s_2 = \tfrac12(b + AD + s - c) and hence s 1 c = s 2 b s_1 - c = s_2 - b , and hence E 1 = E 2 E_1 = E_2 .

The line perpendicular to A D AD passing through E 1 = E 2 E_1=E_2 must be a radius to both incircles, and hence must pass through both I 1 I_1 and I 2 I_2 . Thus it is clear that I 1 I 2 = r 1 + r 2 I_1I_2 = r_1+r_2 , making the answer 0 \boxed{0} .

great solution mark good one

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 7 months ago

https://brilliant.org/problems/geometry-37/?ref_id=1282144 try this

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 7 months ago

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