Consider an arbitrary triangle .
The incircle of triangle touches at .
Let the incenter and the inradius of triangle be denoted by and .
Let the incenter and the inradius of triangle be denoted by and .
Find the value of , where denotes the distance between the points and , and are the sides opposite to the vertices , respectively.
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Since D is the point of tangency of the incircle of A B C with B C , we have B D = s − b and C D = s − c where s = 2 1 ( a + b + c ) is the semiperimeter of A B C . Similarly, if E 1 , E 2 are the points of tangency of the incircles of A B D and A C D with A D , then D E 1 = s 1 − c and D E 2 = s 2 − b , where s 1 , s 2 are the semiperimeters of A B D and A C D . But s 1 = 2 1 ( c + A D + s − b ) s 2 = 2 1 ( b + A D + s − c ) and hence s 1 − c = s 2 − b , and hence E 1 = E 2 .
The line perpendicular to A D passing through E 1 = E 2 must be a radius to both incircles, and hence must pass through both I 1 and I 2 . Thus it is clear that I 1 I 2 = r 1 + r 2 , making the answer 0 .