Math mix: series sum + factorial

The sum x = 1 99 x ! x \displaystyle \sum _{ x=1 }^{ 99 }{ x!\cdot x } is equal to:

100! 100! -1 99! 101! 100!+1

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2 solutions

Otto Bretscher
Dec 1, 2015

We can show x = 1 n ( x ! x ) = ( n + 1 ) ! 1 \sum_{x=1}^{n}(x!x)=(n+1)!-1 by induction on n n , with the case n = 1 n=1 being trivial: x = 1 n + 1 ( x ! x ) = ( n + 1 ) ! 1 + ( n + 1 ) ! ( n + 1 ) = ( n + 2 ) ! 1 \sum_{x=1}^{n+1}(x!x)=(n+1)!-1+(n+1)!(n+1)=(n+2)!-1

Relative wiki : Telescoping Series - Sum

We have:

x = 1 n x ! x = x = 1 n ( x ! ( x + 1 1 ) ) = x = 1 n ( x ! ( x + 1 ) ) x = 1 n x ! = x = 1 n ( x + 1 ) ! x = 1 n x ! = ( n + 1 ) ! 1 \displaystyle \begin{aligned} \sum_{x=1}^n x!\cdot x&=\sum_{x=1}^n \left(x!\cdot (x+1-1)\right)\\ &=\sum_{x=1}^n \left(x!\cdot (x+1)\right)- \sum_{x=1}^n x!\\ &=\sum_{x=1}^n (x+1)!-\sum_{x=1}^n x!\\ &=(n+1)!-1 \end{aligned}

With n = 99 n=99 then the value of the sum is 100 ! 1 \boxed{100!-1} .

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