Mathematical Enigma - IV

Algebra Level 2

The sum of three numbers is 6, the sum of their squares is 8, and the sum of their cubes is 5. What is the sum of their fourth powers?


The answer is 0.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Oct 29, 2015

Let the three numbers be a a , b b and c c . Using Newton's sums or Newton's identities , we have:

a + b + c = 6 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ( a + b + c ) 2 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) 6 2 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 8 a b + b c + c a = 36 8 2 = 14 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) + 3 a b c 6 ( 8 14 ) + 3 a b c = 5 a b c = 36 + 5 3 = 41 3 a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = ( a + b + c ) ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ( a b + b c + c a ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) + a b c ( a + b + c ) = 6 ( 5 ) 14 ( 8 ) + 41 3 ( 6 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} a + b + c & = 6 \\ a^2+b^2+c^2 & = (a+b+c)^2 - 2(ab+bc+ca) \\ 6^2 - 2(ab+bc+ca) & = 8 \\ \Rightarrow ab+bc+ca & = \frac{36-8}{2} = 14 \\ a^3+b^3+c^3 & = (a+b+c) (a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc -ca) +3abc \\ 6(8-14) + 3abc & = 5 \\ \Rightarrow abc & = \frac{36+5}{3} = \frac{41}{3} \\ a^4+b^4+ c^4 & = (a+b+c) (a^3+b^3+c^3-(ab+bc +ca)(a^2+b^2+c^2)+abc(a+b+c) \\ & = 6(5) - 14(8) + \frac{41}{3}(6) \\ & = \boxed{0} \end{aligned}

As always you spot a pattern that i couldn't even think about. Your solutions are always really creative and they helped me to proper flex my pattern recognition muscle. Keep up the good work sir!

Michele Franzoni - 2 years, 1 month ago

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Glad that you like it.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 2 years, 1 month ago

I spent a decent amount of hours trying to fully understand and internalize your solution. I'm still struggling to find out how you managed to come up with the last identity (a^4 + b^4 +c^4 = (a + b + c)([...]). Could someone shed some light on this?

Michele Franzoni - 2 years, 1 month ago

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Akshat Sharda
Dec 4, 2015

Let the 3 3 numbers be a , b , c a,b,c .

By using Newton's Sums we can find a polynomial P ( x P(x having a , b , c a,b,c as its zeroes.

P ( x ) = x 3 6 x 2 + 14 x 41 3 P(x)=x^3-6x^2+14x-\frac{41}{3}

By using Newton's Sum we'll get a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = 0 a^4+b^4+c^4=\boxed{0} .

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