Find the sum of the maximum and minimum possible values of the real-valued function y = ( x − 2 ) ( 7 − x ) .
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By AM-GM, 0 ≤ ( x − 2 ) ( 7 − x ) ≤ 2 ( x − 2 ) + ( 7 − x ) = 2 5 and these bounds are attained, so the answer is 0 + 2 5 = 2 . 5
It's easy to see that the minimum value of y is 0 since the function is real-valued and x = 2 and x = 7 are in the domain. To maximize − x 2 + 9 x − 1 4 we can simply maximize y 2 = − x 2 + 9 x − 1 4 which is going to be the maximum at the vertex in:
y 2 = 4 a − ( b 2 − 4 a c ) = 4 2 5 ⇒ y = 2 5
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For variety, another solution:
y = ( x − 2 ) ( 7 − x ) = − x 2 + 9 x − 1 4 = 4 2 5 − ( x − 2 9 ) 2
For y to be real, 4 2 5 − ( x − 2 9 ) 2 ≥ 0 , when ( x − 2 9 ) 2 = 4 2 5 or x = 2 and x = 7 . And y is maximum when x − 2 9 = 0 and max ( y ) = 2 5 . Therefore, min ( y ) + max ( y ) = 0 + 2 5 = 2 . 5 .