Maximizing with integration

Calculus Level 5

Find the maximum possible value of the following integral over all possible regions E : E: E ( 1 x 2 2 y 2 3 z 2 ) d V . \iiint_E \big(1-x^2-2y^2-3z^2\big)\, dV. If your answer is of the form a b c d π \dfrac{a}{b}\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{d}}\, \pi , where a , b , c , d Z + a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{Z^+} and each fraction is in its lowest terms, find a + b + c + d . a+b+c+d.


The answer is 24.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Dec 17, 2017

The integral will be greatest when E E is the largest region for which the integrand is non-negative, namely the ellipsoid E ^ : x 2 + 2 y 2 + 3 z 2 1 \hat{E}\;:\; x^2 + 2y^2 + 3z^2 \le 1 . The change of variables ξ = x \xi = x , η = 2 y \eta = \sqrt{2}y , ζ = 3 z \zeta =\sqrt{3}z makes this greatest integral equal to E ^ ( 1 x 2 2 y 2 3 z 2 ) d x d y d z = 1 6 ξ 2 + η 2 + ζ 2 1 ( 1 ξ 2 η 2 ζ 2 ) d ξ d η d ζ = 1 6 0 1 d r 0 π d θ 0 2 π ( 1 r 2 ) r 2 s i n θ = 4 π 6 0 1 ( r 2 r 4 ) d r = 4 π 6 × 2 15 = 4 15 π 2 3 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\hat{E}} (1 - x^2 - 2y^2 - 3z^2)\,dx\,dy\,dz & = \; \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\iiint_{\xi^2 + \eta^2 + \zeta^2 \le 1}(1-\xi^2-\eta^2-\zeta^2)\,d\xi\,d\eta\,d\zeta \; = \; \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\int_0^1 dr\int_0^\pi d\theta \int_0^{2\pi} (1-r^2)r^2sin\theta \\ & = \; \tfrac{4\pi}{\sqrt{6}}\int_0^1 (r^2 - r^4)\,dr \; = \; \tfrac{4\pi}{\sqrt{6}} \times \tfrac{2}{15} \; = \; \tfrac{4}{15}\pi \sqrt{\tfrac23} \end{aligned} making the answer 4 + 15 + 2 + 3 = 24 4 + 15 + 2 + 3 = \boxed{24} .

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