Maximum area!

Geometry Level 5

Given that A B C \triangle ABC has an interior point P P such that P A = 3 PA=3 , P B = 4 PB=4 , and P C = 5 PC=5 . Find the maximum area of A B C \triangle ABC , round off the answer to 1 decimal place.


The answer is 20.50000.

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1 solution

Chan Tin Ping
Dec 7, 2017

(I hope that there exist a more simple solution.) In this question, P \large P is the orthocenter of A B C \large \triangle ABC .

Proof: First, fix the line B C BC . Now, the locus of A A is a circle with center P P and radius 3 3 . As the line B C BC is fixed, the area of A B C \triangle ABC achieve its maximum value when its height is maximum( which means length of A A to line B C BC achieve maximum value). Draw the line B C BC and the circle with center P P , it is obvious that A P AP must perpendicular to line B C BC so that the distance from A A to line B C BC achieve maximum value.

By the diagram above, A Z P C X P , A Y P B X P \triangle AZP \sim \triangle CXP, \triangle AYP \sim \triangle BXP . Which means P Z P X = 3 5 , P Y P X = 3 4 \frac{PZ}{PX}=\frac{3}{5}, \frac{PY}{PX}= \frac{3}{4} , this imply that P X : P Y : P Z = 1 : 3 5 : 3 4 = 20 : 12 : 15 PX:PY:PZ=1: \frac{3}{5}: \frac{3}{4}=20:12:15 . Let P X = 20 k , P Y = 12 k , P Z = 15 k PX=20k,PY=12k,PZ=15k . From the diagram above, we can get B C 2 B Y 2 = P C 2 P Y 2 ( e q n 1 ) BC^2-BY^2=PC^2-PY^2 \space\space-(eqn1) B C = P C 2 P X 2 + P B 2 P X 2 ( e q n 2 ) BC=\sqrt{PC^2-PX^2}+ \sqrt{PB^2-PX^2}\space\space-(eqn2) Let B C = a BC=a , from e q n 1 eqn1 , we get a 2 ( 4 + 15 k ) 2 = 5 2 ( 15 k ) 2 a 2 25 = ( 15 k + 4 ) 2 ( 15 k ) 2 = ( 15 k + 4 + 15 k ) ( 15 k + 4 15 k ) a 2 = 120 k + 41 \begin{aligned} a^2-(4+15k)^2&=5^2-(15k)^2 \\ a^2-25&=(15k+4)^2-(15k)^2 \\ &=(15k+4+15k)(15k+4-15k) \\ a^2&=120k+41 \end{aligned} From e q n 2 eqn2 , we get a 2 = ( 25 ( 20 k ) 2 + 16 ( 20 k ) 2 ) 2 20 k 2 + 3 k = 1 16 k 2 1 25 k 2 ( 20 k 2 + 3 k ) 2 = ( 1 16 k 2 1 25 k 2 ) 2 120 k 3 + 50 k 2 1 = 0 k = 0.12413 \begin{aligned} a^2&=(\sqrt{25-(20k)^2}+\sqrt{16-(20k)^2})^2 \\ 20k^2+3k&=\sqrt{1-16k^2}\sqrt{1-25k^2} \\ (20k^2+3k)^2&=(\sqrt{1-16k^2}\sqrt{1-25k^2})^2 \\ 120k^3+50k^2-1&=0 \\ k&=0.12413 \end{aligned} ( k = 0.12413 k=0.12413 is the only positive solution.)

Maximum of area of A B C \triangle ABC is 0.5 × B C × A X = 0.5 × 120 k + 41 × ( 20 k + 3 ) = 20.49 20.5 \begin{aligned} &0.5×BC×AX \\ =&0.5×\sqrt{120k+41}×(20k+3) \\ =&20.49 \\ \approx& 20.5 \end{aligned}

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