Given a point , a triangle is constructed so that , as shown in the diagram. Let be the largest possible area among all such triangles. Which integer shown is closest to
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Let the central angles at O be α , β , and γ as shown. Then the area of △ A B C is
S = 2 1 ( 4 ⋅ 5 sin α + 5 ⋅ 3 sin β + 3 ⋅ 4 sin γ ) = 1 0 sin α + 7 . 5 sin β − 6 sin ( α + β ) Since α + β + γ = 2 π
Let us fix the value of β and find the value of α which maximize S . (Note that S has a minimum value of 0 , when α = 0 .)
∂ α ∂ S ⟹ 1 0 cos α = 1 0 cos α − 6 cos ( α + β ) = 6 cos ( α + β ) Putting ∂ α ∂ S = 0
Similarly, fixing the value of α , the value of β which maximizes S is given by 7 . 5 cos β = 6 cos ( α + β ) , which in turn equals to 1 0 cos α . Then S is maximized when 1 0 cos α = 7 . 5 cos β ⟹ cos β = 3 4 cos α and
1 0 cos α 5 cos α = 6 cos ( α + β ) = 3 ( cos α cos β − sin α sin β ) = 4 cos 2 α − ( 1 − cos 2 α ) ( 9 − 1 6 cos 2 α )
Solving the equation above, we have cos α ≈ − 0 . 3 7 2 4 0 2 0 1 4 ⟹ cos β ≈ − 0 . 4 9 6 5 3 6 0 1 8 , sin α ≈ 0 . 9 2 8 0 7 1 5 1 7 , sin β ≈ 0 . 8 6 8 0 1 6 1 1 9 , sin ( α + β ) ≈ − 0 . 7 8 4 0 7 1 8 8 6 , and
S = 1 0 sin α + 7 . 5 sin β − 6 sin ( α + β ) ≈ 2 0 . 4 9 5 2 6 7 3 8
The required answer ⌊ 1 0 0 S ⌉ = 2 0 5 0 .