a , b , c are non-negative real numbers satisfying a + b + c = 1 .
The maximum value of
a b + b c + c a − 2 a b c
can be written as n m ; where m , n are relatively prime. Find m + n .
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And great problem!!! :D
We can also use Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality to show that
(ab + bc + ca)^2 =< (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)(b^2 + c^2 + a^2)
ab + bc + ca =< (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)
therefore, again by applying AM-GM on RHS, we can find
max(ab+ bc + ca) = 1/3
Let a b + b c + c a − 2 a b c = X . By AM-GM inequality: ( 1 − 2 a ) ( 1 − 2 b ) ( 1 − 2 c ) ≤ ( 3 3 − 2 ( a + b + c ) ) 3 = 2 7 1 Expanding the left side gives us: 1 − 2 ( a + b + c ) + 4 ( a b + b c + c a − 2 a b c ) = 4 X − 1 Hence: 4 X − 1 ≤ 2 7 1 ⟹ X ≤ 2 7 7 with equality iff 1 − 2 a = 1 − 2 b = 1 − 2 c ⟹ a = b = c = 3 1 .
If we optimize the solution, we can take a=b=c=1/3. and it has to result with the maximum value because we have left no scope for any further increment. thus. 1/9+1/9+1/9-2/27=7/27; 7+27=34
This problem can be answered by the postulate: "if the sum is constant, the product is maximum when all of terms are equal"
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For this problem we can use the Geometric - Arithmetic - Quadratic mean inequality.
First, we know that
3 a b c ≤ 3 a + b + c which is 3 a b c ≤ 3 1 involving a b c ≤ 2 7 1 . So, we must take the maximum value of a b c which is 2 7 1 so 2 a b c = 2 7 2 .
Then, we know
( a + b + c ) 2 = ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) + 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 1 . Now, 3 1 = 3 a + b + c ≤ 3 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 therefore, 3 1 ≤ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 . Then, 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) ≤ 3 2 which is a b + b c + c a ≤ 3 1 , and as we want to take the maximum value a b + b c + c a = 3 1 .
So now we replace the values in the first equation a b + b c + c a − 2 a b c equivalent to 3 1 − 2 7 2 = 2 7 7 = n m so m+n=27+7=\boxed { 34 } .