Let a > 1 and define
I ( a ) = ∫ 0 ∞ x Γ ( a x + 2 1 ) Γ ( x + 2 1 ) Γ ( a x + 2 1 ) − Γ ( x + 2 1 ) d x
where Γ ( x ) is the Gamma function.
Find the unique value of a such that I ( a ) = 1 .
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Notice the integral can be written in the form ∫ 0 ∞ x Γ ( x + 2 1 ) 1 − Γ ( a x + 2 1 ) 1 d x Then using Frullani's integral, the integral is equal to ( Γ ( 2 1 ) 1 − Γ ( ∞ ) 1 ) ln ( 1 a ) = π 1 ln ( a ) Hence, for I ( a ) = 1 we require π 1 ln ( a ) = 1 , or a = e π ≈ 5 . 8 8 5 2 7