Maybe Frullani can help

Calculus Level 5

Let a > 1 a>1 and define

I ( a ) = 0 Γ ( a x + 1 2 ) Γ ( x + 1 2 ) x Γ ( a x + 1 2 ) Γ ( x + 1 2 ) d x I(a)=\int_0^\infty \frac{\Gamma\left(ax+\frac12\right)-\Gamma\left(x+\frac12\right)}{x\Gamma\left(ax+\frac12\right)\Gamma\left(x+\frac12\right)}dx

where Γ ( x ) \Gamma(x) is the Gamma function.

Find the unique value of a a such that I ( a ) = 1 I(a)=1 .


The answer is 5.8852772500180288766117618534057.

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1 solution

Theo Cannon
Jul 20, 2018

Notice the integral can be written in the form 0 1 Γ ( x + 1 2 ) 1 Γ ( a x + 1 2 ) x d x \int_0^\infty \frac{\frac1{\Gamma(x+\frac12)}-\frac1{\Gamma(ax+\frac12)}}{x}dx Then using Frullani's integral, the integral is equal to ( 1 Γ ( 1 2 ) 1 Γ ( ) ) ln ( a 1 ) = 1 π ln ( a ) \left( \frac1{\Gamma(\frac12)} - \frac1{\Gamma(\infty)} \right) \ln \left(\frac a1\right) = \frac1{\sqrt\pi} \ln (a) Hence, for I ( a ) = 1 I(a)=1 we require 1 π ln ( a ) = 1 \frac1{\sqrt\pi}\ln(a)=1 , or a = e π 5.88527 \boxed{a=e^{\sqrt\pi}\approx5.88527}

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