A tennis ball of diameter is dropped vertically on a rigid horizontal surface from a height . After the collision, the ball rises at a height above the surface (where ).
Assumptions:
Task: Calculate the duration of the collision (i.e. the time interval during which the ball is in contact with the surface), in terms of the quantities , , , and , the local gravitational acceleration. Your answer should be the numerical value of in microseconds (rounded to the nearest integer), using the data below.
Numerical data:
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Let ⟨ v 1 , 2 ⟩ be the mean velocities during compression and decompression respectively. On the first interval, the speed changes uniformly from 2 g h to 0 , and on the second interval, from 0 to 2 g h ′ : F compression = constant ⟹ ⟨ v 1 ⟩ = 2 1 2 g h F decompression = constant ⟹ ⟨ v 2 ⟩ = 2 1 2 g h ′ Let the height of the spherical cap "flattened" on the ground at the time of maximum compression be d . Some simple geometry yields: ( 2 ψ − d ) 2 + ( 2 φ ) 2 = ( 2 ψ ) 2 Proceeding: τ 1 , 2 = ⟨ v 1 , 2 ⟩ d And therefore: τ 1 = ⟨ v 1 ⟩ 2 1 ψ − 4 1 ψ 2 − 4 1 φ 2 = 2 g h ψ − ψ 2 − φ 2 τ 2 = 2 g h ′ ψ − ψ 2 − φ 2 And thus the total time of the collision can be expressed as: τ = τ 1 + τ 2 = 2 g ψ − ψ 2 − φ 2 ( h − 2 1 + h ′ − 2 1 ) Numerically: τ ≈ 8 7 2 . 9 6 6 μ s ≈ 8 7 3 μ s