Michael and Betty play a game with a fair -sided die whose faces are numbered as . In this game, Michael is assigned a value and Betty is assigned a value , both also in the range. Michael and Betty take turns rolling the die; Michael goes first.
If Michael rolls a number less than or equal to , the game ends and he wins. If Betty rolls a number less than or equal to , the game ends and she wins. The game continues until one player wins.
Suppose , who has an advantage?
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Since Michael goes first, he clearly has the upper hand. If Michael has rolled his die r times, then Betty has had a chance to win r − 1 times. Therefore, Michael has a greater chance of winning. β ⌈ ∣ ⌉