Midpoint locus

Geometry Level pending

Consider all line segments of length 4 with one end-point on the line y = x y=x and the other end-point on the line y = 2 x y=2x . Find the equation of the locus of the midpoints of these line segments.

25 x 2 36 x y + 13 y 2 = 2 25x^2 - 36xy + 13y^2 = 2 16 x 2 28 x y + 15 y 2 = 4 16x^2 - 28xy + 15y^2 = 4 25 x 2 36 x y + 13 y 2 = 4 25x^2 - 36xy + 13y^2 = 4 16 x 2 28 x y + 15 y 2 = 2 16x^2 - 28xy + 15y^2 = 2

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 15, 2020

If the end-points of one of the line segments are ( u , u ) (u,u) and ( v , 2 v ) (v,2v) , then we must have 2 u 2 6 u v + 5 v 2 = ( u v ) 2 + ( u 2 v ) 2 = 4 2 = 16 2u^2 - 6uv + 5v^2 \; = \; (u - v)^2 + (u - 2v)^2 \; = \; 4^2 \; = \; 16 and the midpoint of this line-segment has coordinates ( x , y ) (x,y) where x = 1 2 ( u + v ) y = 1 2 ( u + 2 v ) x \; = \; \tfrac12(u+v) \hspace{1cm} y \; = \; \tfrac12(u+2v) But then 25 x 2 36 x y + 13 y 2 = 1 4 [ 25 ( u + v ) 2 36 ( u + v ) ( u + 2 v ) + 13 ( u + 2 v ) 2 ] = 1 4 [ ( 25 36 + 13 ) u 2 + ( 50 108 + 52 ) u v + ( 25 72 + 52 ) v 2 ] = 1 4 ( 2 u 2 6 u v + 5 v 2 ) = 4 \begin{aligned} 25x^2 - 36xy + 13y^2 & = \; \tfrac14\big[25(u+v)^2 - 36(u+v)(u+2v) + 13(u+2v)^2\big] \; = \; \tfrac14\big[(25 - 36 + 13)u^2 + (50 - 108 + 52)uv + (25 - 72 + 52)v^2\big] \\ & = \; \tfrac14(2u^2 - 6uv + 5v^2) \; = \; 4 \end{aligned} so the midpoints of all these lines lie on the ellipse 25 x 2 36 x y + 13 y 2 = 4 \boxed{25x^2 - 36xy + 13y^2 = 4} .

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