Consider all line segments of length 4 with one end-point on the line and the other end-point on the line . Find the equation of the locus of the midpoints of these line segments.
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If the end-points of one of the line segments are ( u , u ) and ( v , 2 v ) , then we must have 2 u 2 − 6 u v + 5 v 2 = ( u − v ) 2 + ( u − 2 v ) 2 = 4 2 = 1 6 and the midpoint of this line-segment has coordinates ( x , y ) where x = 2 1 ( u + v ) y = 2 1 ( u + 2 v ) But then 2 5 x 2 − 3 6 x y + 1 3 y 2 = 4 1 [ 2 5 ( u + v ) 2 − 3 6 ( u + v ) ( u + 2 v ) + 1 3 ( u + 2 v ) 2 ] = 4 1 [ ( 2 5 − 3 6 + 1 3 ) u 2 + ( 5 0 − 1 0 8 + 5 2 ) u v + ( 2 5 − 7 2 + 5 2 ) v 2 ] = 4 1 ( 2 u 2 − 6 u v + 5 v 2 ) = 4 so the midpoints of all these lines lie on the ellipse 2 5 x 2 − 3 6 x y + 1 3 y 2 = 4 .