In a triangle , and there is exactly one point on the side such that . Determine he sum of all possible values of the perimeter of the triangle .
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Denote the length of B D by x . Then, D C = 1 − x . Let A B = c , A C = b , B C = a = 1 .
It is given that there is a unique value for
x
, such that
A
D
2
=
B
D
⋅
D
C
⇔
A
D
2
=
x
(
1
−
x
)
(
1
)
By
Stewart’s theorem
,
A C 2 ⋅ B D + A B 2 ⋅ D C = ( B D + D C ) ( B D ⋅ D C + A D 2 ) ⇒ b 2 x + c 2 ( 1 − x ) = x ( 1 − x ) + A D 2 ⇒ ( 1 ) b 2 x + c 2 ( 1 − x ) = x ( 1 − x ) + x 2 2 x 2 + ( b 2 − c 2 − 2 ) x + c 2 = 0 ( 2 ) If there were two different values of x satisfying ( 2 ) , the discriminant of the quadratic equation would be positive. This is not the case, thus,
Δ = 0 ⇔ ( b 2 − c 2 − 2 ) 2 − 8 c 2 = 0 ⇔ ( b 2 − c 2 − 2 ) 2 = 8 c 2 ⇔ b 2 − c 2 − 2 = ± 2 2 c ⇔ b 2 = ( c ± 2 ) 2 ⇔ b = ± ( c ± 2 ) ( 3 ) By Triangle Inequality , it holds that ∣ b − c ∣ < a ⇒ ∣ b − c ∣ < 1 , hence ( 3 ) gives only one acceptable relation for positive b and c : b + c = 2 This means that there is only one possible perimeter for △ A B C : a + b + c = 1 + 2 ≈ 2 . 4 1 4