Midpoint placement problem

Geometry Level pending

In a triangle A B C ABC , B C = 1 BC= 1 and there is exactly one point D D on the side B C BC such that D A 2 = D B D C DA^2 = DB \cdot DC . Determine he sum of all possible values of the perimeter of the triangle A B C ABC .


The answer is 2.414.

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1 solution

Denote the length of B D BD by x x . Then, D C = 1 x DC=1-x . Let A B = c AB=c , A C = b AC=b , B C = a = 1 BC=a=1 . It is given that there is a unique value for x x , such that A D 2 = B D D C A D 2 = x ( 1 x ) ( 1 ) A{{D}^{2}}=BD\cdot DC\Leftrightarrow A{{D}^{2}}=x\left( 1-x \right) \ \ \ \ \ \left(1 \right) By Stewart’s theorem ,

A C 2 B D + A B 2 D C = ( B D + D C ) ( B D D C + A D 2 ) b 2 x + c 2 ( 1 x ) = x ( 1 x ) + A D 2 ( 1 ) b 2 x + c 2 ( 1 x ) = x ( 1 x ) + x 2 2 x 2 + ( b 2 c 2 2 ) x + c 2 = 0 ( 2 ) \begin{aligned} & A{{C}^{2}}\cdot BD+A{{B}^{2}}\cdot DC=\left( BD+DC \right)\left( BD\cdot DC+A{{D}^{2}} \right) \\ & \Rightarrow {{b}^{2}}x+{{c}^{2}}\left( 1-x \right)=x\left( 1-x \right)+A{{D}^{2}} \\ & \overset{\left( 1 \right)}{\mathop{\Rightarrow }}\,{{b}^{2}}x+{{c}^{2}}\left( 1-x \right)=x\left( 1-x \right)+{{x}^{2}} \\ & 2{{x}^{2}}+\left( {{b}^{2}}-{{c}^{2}}-2 \right)x+{{c}^{2}}=0 \ \ \ \ \ \left(2 \right)\\ \end{aligned} If there were two different values of x x satisfying ( 2 ) \left(2 \right) , the discriminant of the quadratic equation would be positive. This is not the case, thus,

Δ = 0 ( b 2 c 2 2 ) 2 8 c 2 = 0 ( b 2 c 2 2 ) 2 = 8 c 2 b 2 c 2 2 = ± 2 2 c b 2 = ( c ± 2 ) 2 b = ± ( c ± 2 ) ( 3 ) \begin{aligned} \Delta =0 & \Leftrightarrow {{\left( {{b}^{2}}-{{c}^{2}}-2 \right)}^{2}}-8{{c}^{2}}=0 \\ & \Leftrightarrow {{\left( {{b}^{2}}-{{c}^{2}}-2 \right)}^{2}}=8{{c}^{2}} \\ & \Leftrightarrow {{b}^{2}}-{{c}^{2}}-2=\pm 2\sqrt{2}c \\ & \Leftrightarrow {{b}^{2}}={{\left( c\pm \sqrt{2} \right)}^{2}} \\ & \Leftrightarrow b=\pm \left( c\pm \sqrt{2} \right) \ \ \ \ \ \left(3 \right)\\ \end{aligned} By Triangle Inequality , it holds that b c < a b c < 1 \left| b-c \right|<a\Rightarrow \left| b-c \right|<1 , hence ( 3 ) \left(3 \right) gives only one acceptable relation for positive b b and c c : b + c = 2 b+c=\sqrt{2} This means that there is only one possible perimeter for A B C \triangle ABC : a + b + c = 1 + 2 2.414 a+b+c=1+\sqrt{2}\approx \boxed{2.414}

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