Minima and polynomials?

Algebra Level 5

Let a > 0 a> 0 be a real number. It is known that the following equation in x x has a real root:

x 6 + 3 a x 5 + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) x 4 + 6 a x 3 + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) x 2 + 3 a x + 1 + ( a x ) 3 = 0. x^{6}+3ax^{5}+(3a^{2}+3) x^{4}+6ax^{3}+(3a^{2}+3) x^{2}+3ax+1+(ax)^{3}=0.

Find the minimum possible value of 1000 a 1000a .

This problem is part of the set ... and polynomials


The answer is 2000.

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2 solutions

Nikola Djuric
Dec 6, 2014

This equation is symmetric so we can divide her by x 3 x^3 ( x 0 ) (x\ne 0) so we get x 3 + 1 / x 3 + 3 a ( x 2 + 1 / x 2 ) + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) ( x + 1 / x ) + 6 a + a 3 = 0 x^3+1/x^3+3a(x^2+1/x^2)+(3a^2+3)(x+1/x)+6a+a^3=0

and now replace t = x + 1 / x t=x+1/x ,so t 2 2 = x 2 + 1 / x 2 t^2-2=x^2+1/x^2 and t 3 3 t = x 3 + 1 / x 3 t^3-3t=x^3+1/x^3

Now we have that t 3 3 t + 3 a ( t 2 2 ) + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) t + 6 a + a 3 = 0 t^3-3t+3a(t^2-2)+(3a^2+3)t+6a+a^3=0

So, t 3 + 3 a t 2 + 3 a 2 t + a 3 = 0 i . e . ( t + a ) 3 = 0 t^3+3at^2+3a^2t+a^3=0 i.e. (t+a)^3=0 so t = a t=-a is triple solution. Now we have x + 1 / x = a x+1/x=-a ,so x 2 + a x + 1 = 0 x^2+ax+1=0 and that means that a 2 4 0 a^2-4\geq 0 (discriminant 0 \geq 0 for real solutions), so min a = 2 a =2 .That means 1000 a = 2000 1000a=2000

This problem is great. I thought about it for a day!

Julian Poon - 6 years, 6 months ago

Why is that equation 'her' and not 'him'? Lol! Was kidding! I have edited your solution for LaTeX. Check it once for accuracy. Thanks

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 3 months ago

We have:

x 6 + 3 a x 5 + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) x 4 + 6 a x 3 + ( 3 a 2 + 3 ) x 2 + 3 a x + 1 + ( a x ) 3 = 0 \quad\; x^6+3ax^5+(3a^2+3) x^4+6ax^3+(3a^2+3) x^2+3ax+1+(ax)^3=0

( x 2 + a x + 1 ) 3 = 0 \Leftrightarrow (x^2+ax+1)^3=0

x 2 + a x + 1 = 0 \Leftrightarrow x^2+ax+1=0

This equation has a real root if and only if Δ = a 2 4 0 \Delta=a^2-4\ge0 or a 2 a\ge2 , since a > 0 a>0 .

So, the minimum value of 1000 a 1000a is 2000 \boxed{2000} .

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