The sum of the coefficients of the monic, minimal polynomial of sin 1 7 π equals 2 a 1 . (The minimal polynomial has rational coefficients.) Find a .
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The polynomial is
x 1 6 − 4 1 7 x 1 4 + 1 6 1 1 9 x 1 2 − 3 2 2 2 1 x 1 0 + 2 5 6 9 3 5 x 8 − 5 1 2 5 6 1 x 6 + 2 0 4 8 3 5 7 x 4 − 4 0 9 6 5 1 x 2 + 6 5 5 3 6 1 7 .
Can you double-check? I believe the degree has to be ϕ ( 3 4 ) = 1 6 . I got your polynomial except with x 2 replacing x everywhere.
I believe the easier argument is that the roots of the minimal polynomial are sin ( k π / 1 7 ) , − 8 ≤ k ≤ 8 , and then you can evaluate f ( 1 ) without actually calculating f , via some clever trigonometric identities...
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Let ζ be a primitive 3 4 th root of unity. The (Galois) conjugates of sin ( π / 1 7 ) = 2 i ζ − 1 / ζ are of the form ± ( ζ k − 1 / ζ k ) / 2 i for k odd and not divisible by 1 7 ; that is, ± sin ( π k / 1 7 ) . There are sixteen distinct such conjugates, and we get a complete set if we take the plus sign and − 8 ≤ k ≤ 8 ( k = 0 ). Then the minimal polynomial is just k = 1 ∏ 8 ( x − sin ( k π / 1 7 ) ) ( x + sin ( k π / 1 7 ) ) = k = 1 ∏ 8 ( x 2 − sin 2 ( k π / 1 7 ) ) . The sum of the coefficients of this polynomial is obtained by plugging in x = 1 . This is k = 1 ∏ 8 ( 1 − sin 2 ( k π / 1 7 ) ) = k = 1 ∏ 8 cos 2 ( k π / 1 7 ) = k = 1 ∏ 1 6 cos ( k π / 1 7 ) . It is "well-known" that the product ∏ k = 1 n cos ( k π / n ) equals 2 n − 1 − sin ( n π / 2 ) , so if we take out the k = n term, we get 2 n − 1 sin ( n π / 2 ) , which when n = 1 7 gives 2 1 6 1 .
(For several proofs of the "well-known" identity, see this thread .)