Minimal Polynomial Thing

Geometry Level 4

The sum of the coefficients of the monic, minimal polynomial of sin π 17 \sin \frac{\pi}{17} equals 1 2 a . \frac1{2^a}. (The minimal polynomial has rational coefficients.) Find a . a.


The answer is 16.

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2 solutions

Patrick Corn
Nov 27, 2017

Let ζ \zeta be a primitive 34 34 th root of unity. The (Galois) conjugates of sin ( π / 17 ) = ζ 1 / ζ 2 i \sin(\pi/17) = \frac{\zeta-1/\zeta}{2i} are of the form ± ( ζ k 1 / ζ k ) / 2 i \pm(\zeta^k-1/\zeta^k)/2i for k k odd and not divisible by 17 17 ; that is, ± sin ( π k / 17 ) . \pm \sin(\pi k/17). There are sixteen distinct such conjugates, and we get a complete set if we take the plus sign and 8 k 8 -8 \le k \le 8 ( k 0 k \ne 0 ). Then the minimal polynomial is just k = 1 8 ( x sin ( k π / 17 ) ) ( x + sin ( k π / 17 ) ) = k = 1 8 ( x 2 sin 2 ( k π / 17 ) ) . \prod_{k=1}^8 (x-\sin(k\pi/17))(x+\sin(k\pi/17)) = \prod_{k=1}^8 (x^2-\sin^2(k\pi/17)). The sum of the coefficients of this polynomial is obtained by plugging in x = 1. x=1. This is k = 1 8 ( 1 sin 2 ( k π / 17 ) ) = k = 1 8 cos 2 ( k π / 17 ) = k = 1 16 cos ( k π / 17 ) . \prod_{k=1}^8 (1-\sin^2(k\pi/17)) = \prod_{k=1}^8 \cos^2(k\pi/17) = \prod_{k=1}^{16} \cos(k\pi/17). It is "well-known" that the product k = 1 n cos ( k π / n ) \prod_{k=1}^n \cos(k\pi/n) equals sin ( n π / 2 ) 2 n 1 , \frac{-\sin(n\pi/2)}{2^{n-1}}, so if we take out the k = n k=n term, we get sin ( n π / 2 ) 2 n 1 , \frac{\sin(n\pi/2)}{2^{n-1}}, which when n = 17 n=17 gives 1 2 16 . \frac1{2^{16}}.

(For several proofs of the "well-known" identity, see this thread .)

Miles Koumouris
Nov 25, 2017

The polynomial is

x 16 17 4 x 14 + 119 16 x 12 221 32 x 10 + 935 256 x 8 561 512 x 6 + 357 2048 x 4 51 4096 x 2 + 17 65536 . x^{16}-\dfrac{17}{4}x^{14}+\dfrac{119}{16}x^{12}-\dfrac{221}{32}x^{10}+\dfrac{935}{256}x^8-\dfrac{561}{512}x^6+\dfrac{357}{2048}x^4-\dfrac{51}{4096}x^2+\dfrac{17}{65536}.

Can you double-check? I believe the degree has to be ϕ ( 34 ) = 16. \phi(34) = 16. I got your polynomial except with x 2 x^2 replacing x x everywhere.

I believe the easier argument is that the roots of the minimal polynomial are sin ( k π / 17 ) , \sin(k\pi/17), 8 k 8 , -8 \le k \le 8, and then you can evaluate f ( 1 ) f(1) without actually calculating f , f, via some clever trigonometric identities...

Patrick Corn - 3 years, 6 months ago

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Yes sorry! It's fixed. Nice solution!

Miles Koumouris - 3 years, 6 months ago

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