Minimise it please

Algebra Level 5

Natural numbers a a , b b , and c c are such that ( a b ) ( b c ) ( c a ) = a + b + c (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)=a+b+c . Find the minimum of a + b + c a+b+c .


The answer is 54.

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2 solutions

Nick Kent
Sep 18, 2019

Since a, b and c are natural multiplication on the left is positive and is not zero. That means there are two negative multipliers, so let a < b < c.

Let b - a = x, c - b = y, where x and y are natural. Then c - a = x + y. Accordingly a = c - x - y, b = c - x:

x * y * (x + y) = (c - x - y) + (c - x) + c = a + b + c

x * y * (x + y) = 3c - 2x - y= a + b + c

Meaning : 3c = x * y * (x + y) + 2x + y. This expression must be divisible by 3 while it can only be when x and y are both divisible by 3.

Since we know that a + b + c = x * y * (x + y), that means the minimum is reached at minimal x and y values: x = 3, y = 3

then a = 15, b = 18, c = 21 and a + b + c = 54

I’m afraid those values of a , b a,b and c c aren’t quite right. We should have a = 21 , b = 15 , c = 18 a=21 \, , b=15 \, , c=18 .

William Allen - 1 year, 8 months ago

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thank you, I edited it out)

Nick Kent - 1 year, 8 months ago
William Allen
Sep 18, 2019

Pigeonhole \implies one of ( a b ) , ( b c ) , ( c a ) (a-b), (b-c), (c-a) is even.

Let x = a b y = b c x=a-b \quad y=b-c\,

Then c a = ( x + y ) ( a b ) ( b c ) ( c a ) = x 2 y y 2 x a + b + c = x + 2 y + 3 c \, c-a=-(x+y) \implies (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)=-x^2y-y^2x \qquad a+b+c=x+2y+3c

x 2 y 2 x x y ( m o d 3 ) either x 2 0 ( m o d 3 ) or x 2 1 ( m o d 3 ) -x^2-y^2x \equiv x-y \pmod{3} \quad \text{either} \quad x^2\equiv 0 \pmod{3} \, \text{or} \, x^2\equiv 1 \pmod{3}

If x 2 1 ( m o d 3 ) then y y 2 x x y y 2 1 ( m o d 3 ) i m p o s s i b l e x^2\equiv 1 \pmod{3} \, \text{ then} \, -y-y^2x\equiv x-y \implies y^2\equiv -1 \pmod{3} \text{\boxed{impossible}}

So 3 x 3 y 3 ( x + y ) 3 3 x y ( x y ) 3|x \implies 3|y \therefore 3|(x+y) \implies 3^3|xy(-x-y) which is even so the minimum is 2 × 27 = 54 2\times 27=\boxed{54}

Which happens when? Can u show the values at which equality takes place?

Vilakshan Gupta - 1 year, 8 months ago

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a = 21 , b = 15 , c = 18 a=21 \, , b=15 \, , c=18

William Allen - 1 year, 8 months ago

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Actually, I assumed that WLOG, let a b c a\geq b \geq c which makes L.H.S negative. But here we cannot assume that.... this was my mistake. Thanks.

Vilakshan Gupta - 1 year, 8 months ago

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