Minimum of perimeter (part 2)

Algebra Level 3

The area and perimeter of a triangle A B C ABC is 1 and 5 respectively.

Suppose its side lengths is a , b a, b and c c where a b c a \le b\le c .

Let M M be the maximum of c c . Find the value of 10000 M , \displaystyle\left\lfloor 10000M \right\rfloor, where \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function .


The answer is 21556.

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1 solution

David Vreken
Aug 9, 2020

By the perimeter equation, P = a + b + c = 5 P = a + b + c = 5 , and by Heron's area formula, A = s ( s a ) ( s b ) ( s c ) = 1 A = \sqrt{s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)} = 1 .

Using s = 1 2 P = 5 2 s = \frac{1}{2}P = \frac{5}{2} and combining equations gives 5 2 ( 5 2 b ) ( 5 2 c ) ( b + c 5 2 ) = 1 \frac{5}{2}(\frac{5}{2} - b)(\frac{5}{2} - c)(b + c - \frac{5}{2}) = 1 , which rearranges to 40 b 2 c 100 b 2 + 40 b c 2 300 b c + 500 b 100 c 2 + 500 c 641 = 0 40b^2c - 100b^2 + 40bc^2 - 300bc + 500b - 100c^2 + 500c - 641 = 0 .

By implicit differentiation, 80 b c + 40 b 2 d c d b 200 b + 40 c 2 + 80 b c d c d b 300 c 300 b d c d b + 500 200 c d c d b + 500 d c d b = 0 80bc + 40b^2 \frac{dc}{db} - 200b + 40c^2 + 80bc\frac{dc}{db} - 300c - 300b\frac{dc}{db} + 500 - 200c\frac{dc}{db} + 500\frac{dc}{db} = 0 . Since the maximum c c occurs when d c d b = 0 \frac{dc}{db} = 0 , this equation simplifies to 8 b c 20 b + 4 c 2 30 c + 50 = 0 8bc - 20b + 4c^2 - 30c + 50 = 0 .

The two equations numerically solve to ( b , c ) ( 1.42215 , 2.15569 ) (b, c) \approx (1.42215, 2.15569) or ( b , c ) ( 1.97465 , 1.05071 ) (b, c) \approx (1.97465, 1.05071) , and c 2.15569 c \approx 2.15569 is the maximum of the two.

Therefore, 10000 M = 21556 \lfloor 10000M \rfloor = \boxed{21556} .

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