Miscellaneous Question on Limits

Calculus Level 3

Let f ( x ) f(x) be a strictly increasing and differentaible function, then lim x 0 f ( x 2 ) f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( 0 ) \lim _{ x\rightarrow 0 }{ \frac { f({ x }^{ 2 })-f\left( x \right) }{ f\left( x \right) -f(0) } } equals


The answer is -1.

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2 solutions

Anand Chitrao
Dec 29, 2015

here, lim (f(x^2)-f(x))/(f(x)-f(0)) = lim ((f(x^2)-f(x))/x)/((f(x)-f(0))/x) Now the denominator is f'(0). so lets consider the numerator-: lim (f(x^2)-f(x))/x = lim (f(x^2)-f(0))/x - (f(x)-f(0))/x = (fog)'(0) - f'(0) where g(x) = x^2. hence the numerator becomes 2(0)f'(0) - f'(0) = -f'(0) and hence the final answer is -f'(0)/f'(0) = -1

Due to f(x) is differentiable, f ( x ) f(x) ~ f ( 0 ) + x f ( 0 ) f(0) + x \cdot f '(0) when x \rightarrow 0. ( f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) + x f ( 0 ) + o ( x ) f(x) = f(0) + x \cdot f '(0) + o(|x|) when x \rightarrow 0)

f ( x 2 ) f(x^2) ~ f ( 0 ) + x 2 f ( 0 ) f(0) + x^2 \cdot f '(0) when x \rightarrow 0. Therefore, lim x 0 f ( x 2 ) f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( 0 ) = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(x^2) - f(x)}{f(x) - f(0)} = = lim x 0 ( x 2 x ) f ( 0 ) x f ( 0 ) = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(x^2 - x)f '(0)}{xf '(0)} = lim x 0 ( x ( x 1 ) ) f ( 0 ) x f ( 0 ) = lim x 0 x 1 = 1 = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(x(x -1))f '(0)}{xf '(0)} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} x - 1 = \boxed{-1}

Note: I haven't used L'Hopital Rule nor that f(x) is a strictly increasing function

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