Given that
μ ( x ) = { ⌈ sin 2 x ⌉ − ( x − ⌈ x ⌉ ) 2 ⌈ sin 2 x ⌉ − ( x − ⌊ x ⌋ ) 2 for for x ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ) x ∈ ( − ∞ , 0 )
η ( x ) = ⌈ ∣ x ∣ − 1 ⌉ ∀ x ∈ R
and ξ ( x ) = μ ( x ) + η ( x )
If I = ∫ − π π ξ ( x ) d x
Compute ⌈ I ⌉
Note : For the first time I tried to create an integral rather than solving it ! Hope you all like it :) :)
[ The ⌈ sin 2 x ⌉ is just for fun and making the integral look a lot more interesting :) :) ]
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Let y = ξ ( x ) . . . . . . . . . ( i )
⟹ ( y − η ( x ) ) = μ ( x ) if x ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ) Squaring Both sides and arranging terms ⟹ ( x − ⌈ x ⌉ ) 2 + ( y − ⌈ ∣ x ∣ − 1 ⌉ ) 2 = ⌈ sin 2 x ⌉ = 1 . . . . . . . . ( i i )
Now for x ∈ ( j , j + 1 ) where j ∈ Z , ⌈ x ⌉ = j + 1 and ⌈ ∣ x ∣ − 1 ⌉ = j
⟹ equation (ii) represents a unit circle with center at ( 1, 0 ),( 2, 1 ),...,( j+1, j ),... and so on where j ∈ Z
With similar calculation check what happens if x ∈ ( − ∞ , 0 ) [You will see that ξ ( x ) is symmetrical about the origin]
Now we can easily calculate the integral by finding the area bounded by ξ ( x )
The unit circles... From the plot of ξ ( x ) it is clear that we need to find the area under the blue curve along x-axis. Which is very is to evaluate.
And because of symmetry we consider our calculation only on the first quadrant.
I = ∫ − π π ξ ( x ) d x = 2 ∫ 0 π ξ ( x ) d x
Now 2 I = A = ( 4 3 × [Area of the unit circle ] ) + ( 3 × [Area of the unit square] ) + C + P
Now P = 3 × ( π − 3 )
And C = 2 arccos ( 4 − π ) − ( π − 3 ) ( 5 − π ) ( 4 − π )
( easy geometrical calculation )
Now I = 2 A ≈ 1 1 . 6 6
∴ ⌈ I ⌉ = 1 2
This is thought with which I had developed the problem , I hope I will get to see some more brilliant and efficient solutions :) :) :)