Misleading Integral

Calculus Level 5

Given that

μ ( x ) = { sin 2 x ( x x ) 2 for x [ 0 , ) sin 2 x ( x x ) 2 for x ( , 0 ) \mu(x) = \left\{\begin{array}{cc}\lceil{\sin^2{x}}\rceil - (x-\lceil{x}\rceil)^2 & \mbox{for} &x \in{[ 0,\infty)} \\ \lceil{\sin^2{x}}\rceil - (x-\lfloor{x}\rfloor)^2 & \mbox{for} &x \in(-\infty,0) \end{array}\right.

η ( x ) = x 1 \eta(x) = \lceil{| x |- 1}\rceil x R \forall{x} \in\mathbb{R}

and ξ ( x ) = μ ( x ) + η ( x ) \mbox{and } \xi(x) = \sqrt{\mu(x)} + \eta(x)

If I = π π ξ ( x ) d x \displaystyle \mbox{ If } \mathcal{ I } = \int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\xi(x)dx

Compute I \mbox{ Compute } \lceil{\mathcal{I}}\rceil

Note : For the first time I tried to create an integral rather than solving it ! Hope you all like it :) :)

[ The sin 2 x \lceil{\sin^2{x}}\rceil is just for fun and making the integral look a lot more interesting :) :) ]


The answer is 12.

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1 solution

Soumya Dasgupta
Jun 12, 2019

Let y = ξ ( x ) . . . . . . . . . ( i ) y = \xi(x).........(i)

( y η ( x ) ) = μ ( x ) \implies ( y - \eta(x)) = \sqrt{\mu(x)} if x [ 0 , ) \mbox{ if } x \in[0,\infty) Squaring Both sides and arranging terms ( x x ) 2 + ( y x 1 ) 2 = sin 2 x = 1........ ( i i ) \implies ( x - \lceil{x}\rceil)^2 + ( y - \lceil{|x| -1}\rceil )^2 = \lceil{\sin^2{x}}\rceil = 1 ........(ii)

Now for x ( j , j + 1 ) where j Z , x = j + 1 \mbox{ for }x\in( j , j + 1 ) \mbox{ where }j\in\mathbb{Z} \mbox{ , } \lceil{x}\rceil = j + 1 and x 1 = j \mbox{ and }\lceil{|x|-1}\rceil = j

\implies equation (ii) represents a unit circle with center at ( 1, 0 ),( 2, 1 ),...,( j+1, j ),... and so on where j Z j\in\mathbb{Z}

With similar calculation check what happens if x ( , 0 ) [You will see that ξ ( x ) is symmetrical about the origin] x \in(-\infty,0) \mbox{ [You will see that }\xi(x)\mbox{ is symmetrical about the origin]}

Now we can easily calculate the integral by finding the area bounded by ξ ( x ) \xi(x)

The unit circles... The unit circles... From the plot of ξ ( x ) \xi(x) it is clear that we need to find the area under the blue curve along x-axis. Which is very is to evaluate.

And because of symmetry we consider our calculation only on the first quadrant.

I = π π ξ ( x ) d x = 2 0 π ξ ( x ) d x \mathcal{ I } = \displaystyle{ \int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \xi(x)dx = 2\int_{0}^{\pi} \xi(x)dx }

Now I 2 = A = ( 3 4 × [Area of the unit circle ] ) + ( 3 × [Area of the unit square] ) + C + P \displaystyle\frac{\mathcal{ I }}{2} = \mathcal{A} = \displaystyle(\frac{3}{4}×\mbox{[Area of the unit circle ]}) + \displaystyle(3×\mbox{[Area of the unit square]}) + \mathcal{C} + \mathcal{P}

Now P = 3 × ( π 3 ) \mathcal{P} = 3×(\pi - 3 )

And C = arccos ( 4 π ) ( π 3 ) ( 5 π ) ( 4 π ) 2 \mathcal{C} = \frac{\arccos{(4-\pi)} -\sqrt{(\pi-3)(5-\pi)}(4-\pi)}{2}\mbox{ }

( easy geometrical calculation )

Now I = 2 A 11.66 \mathcal{ I } = 2\mathcal{ A } \approx {11.66}

I = 12 \boxed{\therefore \lceil{\mathcal{ I }}\rceil = 12}

This is thought with which I had developed the problem , I hope I will get to see some more brilliant and efficient solutions :) :) :)

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