If and are the minimum and maximum values possible of the expression above for real , then what is the value of ?
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Using the identity a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 − a b + b 2 ) with in this case a = sin 2 ( x ) and b = cos 2 ( x ) , along with the identity sin 2 ( x ) + cos 2 ( x ) = 1 , we have that
sin 6 ( x ) + cos 6 ( x ) = ( sin 2 ( x ) + cos 2 ( x ) ) ( sin 4 ( x ) − sin 2 ( x ) cos 2 ( x ) + cos 4 ( x ) ) =
( sin 2 ( x ) + cos 2 ( x ) ) 2 − 3 sin 2 ( x ) cos 2 ( x ) = 1 − 4 3 × ( 2 sin ( x ) cos ( x ) ) 2 = 1 − 4 3 sin 2 ( 2 x ) ,
since sin ( 2 x ) = 2 sin ( x ) cos ( x ) . Now − 1 ≤ sin ( 2 x ) ≤ 1 ⟹ 0 ≤ sin 2 ( 2 x ) ≤ 1 , so
1 − 4 3 ≤ 1 − 4 3 sin 2 ( 2 x ) ≤ 1 , and thus A + B = 4 1 + 1 = 4 5 = 1 . 2 5 .