Mole Concept

Chemistry Level 3

105 ml \text{105 ml} of pure water at 4 C 4^{\circ}C saturated with N H X 3 \ce{NH3} gas yielded a solution of density 0.9 g ml 1 \text{0.9 g ml}^{-1} and containing 30 % N H X 3 \text{ 30 \%} \ce{NH3} by mass. Let the volume of N H X 3 \ce{NH3} solution resulting be A ml \text{A ml} and the volume of N H X 3 \ce{NH3} gas at 4 C 4^{\circ}C and 775 mm H g \text{775 mm } \ce{Hg} pressure used to saturate water be B litre \text{B litre} . Find A+B \text{A+B}


The answer is 225.69.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 21, 2016

Let the masses of H X 2 O \ce{H2O} and N H X 3 \ce{NH3} in the solution be m H X 2 O m_{\ce{H2O}} and m N H X 3 m_{\ce{NH3}} respectively. Then, m H X 2 O = 105 g m_{\ce{H2O}} = 105 \text{ g} and:

m N H X 3 m N H X 3 + m H X 2 O = 0.3 m N H X 3 = 0.3 m N H X 3 + 0.3 m H X 2 O 0.7 m N H X 3 = 0.3 m H X 2 O m N H X 3 = 0.3 m H X 2 O 0.7 = 0.3 × 105 0.7 = 45 g \begin{aligned} \frac{m_{\ce{NH3}}}{m_{\ce{NH3}}+m_{\ce{H2O}}} & = 0.3 \\ m_{\ce{NH3}} & = 0.3m_{\ce{NH3}}+0.3m_{\ce{H2O}} \\ 0.7 m_{\ce{NH3}} & = 0.3 m_{\ce{H2O}} \\ \Rightarrow m_{\ce{NH3}} & = \frac{0.3 m_{\ce{H2O}}}{0.7} = \frac{0.3\times 105}{0.7} = 45 \text{ g} \end{aligned}

The volume of the solution,

A = mass of solution density of solution = m N H X 3 + m H X 2 O 0.9 = 45 + 105 0.9 = 166.667 g \begin{aligned} A & = \frac{\text{mass of solution}}{\text{density of solution}} = \frac{m_{\ce{NH3}}+m_{\ce{H2O}}}{0.9} = \frac{45+105}{0.9} = 166.667 \text{ g} \end{aligned}

The volume of 45 g \text{45 g} of N H X 3 \ce{NH3} at STP ( 0 C, 760 mm Hg 0^\circ \text{C, 760 mm Hg} ):

V S T P = 45 × 22.4 molar mass of N H X 3 = 45 × 22.4 17 = 59.294 L V_{STP} = \dfrac{45 \times 22.4}{\text{molar mass of }\ce{NH3}} = \dfrac{45 \times 22.4}{17} = \text{59.294 L}

Using p V T = constant \dfrac{pV}{T} = \text{constant} , the volume of 45 g \text{45 g} of N H X 3 \ce{NH3} at 4 C, 775 mm Hg 4^\circ \text{C, 775 mm Hg} :

775 B 277 = 760 V S T P 273 B = 277 × 760 × 59.294 273 × 775 = 58.998 L \begin{aligned} \frac{775B}{277} & = \frac{760V_{STP}}{273} \\ \Rightarrow B & = \frac{277 \times 760 \times 59.294}{273 \times 775} = \text{58.998 L} \end{aligned}

Therefore, A + B = 166.667 + 58.998 = 225.67 A+B = 166.667+ 58.998 = \boxed{225.67}

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