More to it than it seems

Calculus Level 2

Evaluate

2 1 1 1 x 2 d x 2\int_{-1}^{1}\sqrt{1-x^2}\, dx


The answer is 3.14159265.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jul 29, 2020

I = 2 1 1 1 x 2 d x Let x = sin θ d x = cos θ d θ = 2 π 2 π 2 cos 2 θ d θ = π 2 π 2 ( 1 + cos 2 θ ) d θ = [ θ + sin 2 θ 2 ] π 2 π 2 = π 3.14 \begin{aligned} I & = 2 \int_{-1}^1 \sqrt{1-x^2} dx & \small \blue{\text{Let }x = \sin \theta \implies dx = \cos \theta \ d \theta} \\ & = 2 \int_{-\frac \pi 2}^\frac \pi 2 \cos^2 \theta \ d\theta \\ & = \int_{-\frac \pi 2}^\frac \pi 2 (1 + \cos 2 \theta) \ d\theta \\ & = \left[ \theta + \frac {\sin 2 \theta}2 \right]_{-\frac \pi 2}^\frac \pi 2 \\ & = \pi \approx \boxed{3.14} \end{aligned}

@Vinayak Srivastava here is your anti derivative method. thanks @Chew-Seong Cheong !

James Watson - 10 months, 2 weeks ago

Ok, thank you! I'll see to the solution later, but I like the substitution!

Vinayak Srivastava - 10 months, 2 weeks ago

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You can use x = cos θ x = \cos \theta to achieve the same result.

Pi Han Goh - 10 months, 2 weeks ago

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Ok, thanks! I think I need to re-memorize my trig identities, I forget them very soon!

Vinayak Srivastava - 10 months, 2 weeks ago
James Watson
Jul 28, 2020

If you observe the plot of this function, you can see that it is a semicircle with a radius of 1:

We can use this to make the calculation easier because we can now use 1 2 π r 2 \frac{1}{2}\pi r^2 instead of finding the antiderivative.

2 ( 1 2 π × 1 2 ) = π \Huge 2 \left( \frac{1}{2}\pi \times 1^2 \right) = \boxed{\pi}

Can you show the anti-derivative method? I got the wrong answer, I wish to know where I could have gone wrong. Thanks!

Vinayak Srivastava - 10 months, 2 weeks ago

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