Mother of Summations!

z = 1 2016 y = 1 z c = 1 d b = 1 c a = 1 b ( 1 ) \large\displaystyle\sum_{{z}=1}^{2016}\sum_{{y}=1}^z\cdots\sum_{{c}=1}^d\sum_{{b}=1}^c\sum_{{a}=1}^b(1)

If the above expression can be simplified to ( α β ) \large\dbinom{{\alpha}}{{\beta}} then compute

80 β α + 10 . \large \sqrt{80{\beta}-{\alpha}+10} .

Notation : ( M N ) \binom MN denotes the binomial coefficient , ( M N ) = M ! N ! ( M N ) ! \binom MN = \frac{M!}{N!(M-N)!} .


The answer is 7.

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2 solutions

Rishabh Jain
Apr 22, 2016

Using repeatedly the Hockey Stick identity : z = 1 2016 y = 1 z c = 1 d b = 1 c a = 1 b ( 1 ) \Large\displaystyle\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{z}=1}^{2016}\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{y}=1}^z\cdots\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{c}=1}^d\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{b}=1}^c\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{a}=1}^b(1) = z = 1 2016 y = 1 z c = 1 d b = 1 c ( b 1 ) \Large =\displaystyle\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{z}=1}^{2016}\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{y}=1}^z\cdots\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{c}=1}^d\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{b}=1}^c\binom b1 = z = 1 2016 y = 1 z c = 1 d ( c + 1 2 ) \Large =\displaystyle\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{z}=1}^{2016}\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{y}=1}^z\cdots\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{c}=1}^d\binom{c+1}{2} \cdots\\\cdots = z = 1 2016 y = 1 z ( y + 23 24 ) \Large =\displaystyle\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{z}=1}^{2016}\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{y}=1}^z\binom{y+23}{24} = z = 1 2016 ( z + 24 25 ) = ( 2041 26 ) \Large =\displaystyle\sum_{\color{#D61F06}{z}=1}^{2016}\binom{z+24}{25}=\binom{2041}{26} 80 ( 26 ) 2041 + 10 = 49 \Large\therefore 80(\color{#69047E}{26})-\color{#0C6AC7}{2041}+10=49 49 = 7 \Huge \therefore \sqrt{49}=\color{#20A900}{\boxed 7}


If you're looking for a proof here are some cute proofs posted... :-)

Nice proof. I tried a few terms and then it was easy to generalize.

Vignesh S - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Ya.... Patterns are always amazing to observe.... :-)

Rishabh Jain - 5 years, 1 month ago

I was just thinking whether it is necessary to mention that in ( α β ) \binom{\alpha}{\beta} β \beta has to be the smaller value and not the bigger one which would result from α β = 2041 26 \alpha-\beta=2041-26 . My answer was wrong due to that and also due to a silly mistake in my multiplication which resulted in 80 β = 1680 80\beta=1680 hence I took the other route.

Akhilesh Prasad - 4 years, 1 month ago
Nitish Joshi
Apr 25, 2016

I have a slightly different combinatorial way of solving the problem.

The above summation actually represents the number of ways we can form a sequence of 26 natural numbers: z , y , x . . . b , a z,y,x...b,a such that each number is less than or equal to the previous number (when scanned from left) and z < 2017 z<2017 .

For solving this, consider 2041 2041 identical boxes arranged in a row and 26 26 balls which have to be put in these boxes. The number of empty boxes to the left of k t h k^{th} ball + 1 +1 will represent the number at the k t h k^{th} position in the sequence. It is easy to see that there is a bijection between the two.

Therefore the final answer is simply the number of ways of putting 26 26 balls in 2041 2041 boxes which is:

( 2041 26 ) \dbinom{2041}{26}

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