Multiply the natural numbers

If the probability that the product of three different natural numbers strictly less than 25 is divisible by 4 is a b \dfrac{a}{b} for coprime positive integers a , b a,b . Find the value of a + b a+b .

Clarification: We are not considering 0 as a natural number.


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The answer is 39.

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3 solutions

Aaaaa Bbbbb
Feb 23, 2015

Divide these numbers into three groups:(2,6,10,14,18,22), (4,8,12,16,20,24), third group consists of remaining numbers. So group of three numbers that isn't divisible by 4 can be selected from third group or choosing two from third group and one from first group. The number of groups that are not divisible by 4 is: ( 12 3 ) + 6 ( 12 2 ) = 616 \binom{12}{3}+6\binom{12}{2}=616 Total number of groups is: ( 24 3 ) = 2024 \binom{24}{3}=2024 a b = 1408 2024 = 16 23 \frac{a}{b}=\frac{1408}{2024}=\frac{16}{23} a + b = 39 a+b=\boxed{39}

Is there number 0?

Thanh Viet - 5 years, 8 months ago

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no as it is asking natural number.......

Harshi Singh - 5 years, 2 months ago

Is that a/b = 1408/2024 = 16/23 ?

ALaseleilliaa Phagozynephscal - 6 years, 3 months ago

Correct me if I'm wrong but shouldn't C 12 3 C^{3}_{12} b e \large \ be C 3 12 C^{12}_{3} from C r n w h e r e n r C^{n}_{r} \ where \ n \geq\ r

Curtis Clement - 6 years, 3 months ago

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I guess some people choose to write ( n k ) \binom{n}{k} as C n k C^{k}_{n} , and according to the Wikipedia page , that's just as valid as C k n C^{n}_{k} . I don't agree with that though, it's silly. I agree with you. I just choose to write it as ( n k ) \binom{n}{k} to avoid all the ambiguity.

Ryan Tamburrino - 6 years, 3 months ago

'0' is also a natural number!

Andreas Wendler - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Natural Numbers are 1,2,3,4,5,... [...] and Whole numbers are 0,1,2,3,.....I f you have still confusion then see this

Harshi Singh - 5 years, 2 months ago

There are 24 23 22 24\cdot 23\cdot 22 triples ( a , b , c ) { 1 , , 24 } 2 (a,b,c) \in \{1, \dots, 24\}^2 without repetition. The product a b c abc is not a multiple of four if

  • a , b , c a, b,c are all odd

  • or one of them is even, the others are odd.

The number of triples that satisfy the first condition is n 1 = 12 11 10. n_1 = 12\cdot 11\cdot 10. The number of triples for which a a is even (but no multiple of 4) and b , c b, c are odd is n 2 = 6 12 11. n_2 = 6\cdot 12\cdot 11. Likewise for triples with only b b even, or only c c even.

Thus there are n 1 + 3 n 2 = ( 10 + 18 ) 11 12 = 28 11 12 n_1 + 3n_2 = (10 + 18)\cdot 11\cdot 12 = 28\cdot 11\cdot 12 triples such that a b c abc is not a multiple of four. The desired probability is 1 28 11 12 24 23 22 = 1 28 4 23 = 1 7 23 = 16 23 . 1 - \frac{28\cdot 11\cdot 12}{24\cdot 23\cdot 22} = 1- \frac{28}{4\cdot 23} = 1 - \frac 7{23} = \frac{16}{23}. Thus the answer is 16 + 23 = 39 16 + 23 = \boxed{39} .

Rohit Sachdeva
Jun 11, 2016

We have 12 odd numbers and 12 even numbers, out of which we have to consider 3 numbers in either of the following ways:

a) 3 odds;

b) 2 odds & 1 even;

c) 1 odd & 2 evens;

d) 3 evens;

Case (a) never satisfies our criteria.

Case (c) can be done in 12 C 1 ^{12}C_{1} x 12 C 2 ^{12}C_{2} ways.

Case (d) can be done in 12 C 3 ^{12}C_{3} ways.

Case (b) can satisfy our criteria if the only even number is a multiple of 4, which can be done in 12 C 2 ^{12}C_{2} x 6 C 1 ^{6}C_{1} ways.

Total number of ways of selecting 3 numbers out of 24 is 24 C 3 ^{24}C_{3} .

So the desired probability is =

( 12 66 ) + ( 220 ) + ( 66 6 ) 2024 = 16 23 \frac{(12*66) + (220) + (66*6)}{2024} = \frac{16}{23} which means a+b = 39

Nothing wrong with any of that, but I would point out that we also know that Cases (c) and (d) together must make up one-half of all outcomes, by symmetry. Hence, once you compute the probability of Case (b) and divide it by 2, you could simply add 1/2.

Peter Byers - 4 years, 7 months ago

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