On a beautiful day, I meet my friend. In my bag, there are music albums include: 6 albums by Coldplay, 3 albums by Linkin Park and 2 albums by Green Day.
How many options can he choose 4 albums from my bag, such that all 3 bands are represented?
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There are three possible cases:
Case-I
Selecting 2 album of Coldplay, one of Linkin Park and one of Green Day
Number of Cases: ( 2 6 ) * ( 1 3 ) * ( 1 2 ) = 9 0
Case-II
Selecting one album of Coldplay, 2 of Linkin Park and one of Green Day
Number of Cases: ( 1 6 ) * ( 2 3 ) * ( 1 2 ) = 3 6
Case-III
Selecting one album of Coldplay, one of Linkin Park and 2 of Green Day
Number of Cases: ( 1 6 ) * ( 1 3 ) * ( 2 2 ) = 1 8
Hence, Total Cases = 9 0 + 3 6 + 1 8 = 1 4 4
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There are in total 3 cases to choose 4 albums, such that all 3 bands are represented:
Adding the above possible cases we get a total of 144 cases. And we've got our answer :)