My tittle is: Don't change my tittle.

Which stament(s) below is/are true?:

a) p > 2 , \forall p > 2, with p p a prime number, the diophantine equation p = x 2 y 2 p = x^2 - y^2 has at least one solution,i.e, x , y Z \exists \space x, y \in \mathbb{Z} such that p = x 2 y 2 p = x^2 - y^2


b) The diophantine equation 2 = x 2 y 2 2 = x^2 - y^2 has at least one solution, i, e, x , y Z \exists \space x, y \in \mathbb{Z} such that 2 = x 2 y 2 2 = x^2 - y^2

a)True, b)False a)True, b)True a)False, b)False a)False, b)True

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2 solutions

Althought it's a cuasi-particular Pell's equation or this link I'll do my "own proof"

a) I'm going to prove that p > 2 \forall p > 2 with p an odd natural number , there exists at least 4 solutions for the diophantine equation p = x 2 y 2 = ( x y ) ( x + y ) p = x^2 - y^2 = (x - y)(x + y) Take p + 1 2 = x \frac{p + 1}{2} = x and y = x 1 1 y = x - 1 \ge 1 , then \begin{cases} {x - y = 1 \\ y + x = p} \end{cases} \Rightarrow p = x^2 - y^2 = (x -y)(x + y) has at least one solution. Changing x x to x - x , and y y to y -y we get at least 4 solutions.


b)Let's suppose 2 = x 2 y 2 = ( x y ) ( x + y ) 2 = x^2 - y^2 = (x - y)(x +y) has at least one solution with x , y Z x,y \in \mathbb{Z} \Rightarrow we'll have 4 posibilitties which lead us to contradictions.

1.- Let's suppose \begin{cases}{x - y = 1 \\ x + y = 2}\end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases}{ x= y + 1 \\ 2y + 1 = 2}\end{cases} \Rightarrow y = \frac{1}{2} . This is a contradiction, y y must belong to integers numbers set.

2.- Let's suppose x y = 1 x - y = - 1 ...

3.- Let's suppose x y = 2 x - y = 2 ....

4.- Let's suppose x y = 2 x - y = -2 ...

Otto Bretscher
May 7, 2016

Part a: Any odd number 2 m + 1 2m+1 can be written as 2 m + 1 = ( m + 1 ) 2 m 2 2m+1=(m+1)^2-m^2

Part b: Assume x > y > 0 x>y>0 without loss of generality. Then x 2 y 2 ( y + 1 ) 2 y 2 = 2 y + 1 3 x^2-y^2\geq (y+1)^2-y^2=2y+1\geq 3

Thank you for your solution A + + A^{++} . It's ellegant and easy... In these times, where what is sought is not a right proof, but rather the answer ... and it doesn't mind the convergence or divergence of a sequence, series...,nor what is the domain or codomain of a function, it's only mind to handle operations with a certain "sense",it is a pride and a honour for all of us using Brilliant, someone like you put some order on Brilliant ... and also a privilege for me, you to take some time to post a proof for this "simple" problem.

Guillermo Templado - 5 years, 1 month ago

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I like your problems, compañero; they are refreshingly different. Keep posting, please!

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 1 month ago

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