Which stament(s) below is/are true?:
a) ∀ p > 2 , with p a prime number, the diophantine equation p = x 2 − y 2 has at least one solution,i.e, ∃ x , y ∈ Z such that p = x 2 − y 2
b) The diophantine equation 2 = x 2 − y 2 has at least one solution, i, e, ∃ x , y ∈ Z such that 2 = x 2 − y 2
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Part a: Any odd number 2 m + 1 can be written as 2 m + 1 = ( m + 1 ) 2 − m 2
Part b: Assume x > y > 0 without loss of generality. Then x 2 − y 2 ≥ ( y + 1 ) 2 − y 2 = 2 y + 1 ≥ 3
Thank you for your solution A + + . It's ellegant and easy... In these times, where what is sought is not a right proof, but rather the answer ... and it doesn't mind the convergence or divergence of a sequence, series...,nor what is the domain or codomain of a function, it's only mind to handle operations with a certain "sense",it is a pride and a honour for all of us using Brilliant, someone like you put some order on Brilliant ... and also a privilege for me, you to take some time to post a proof for this "simple" problem.
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I like your problems, compañero; they are refreshingly different. Keep posting, please!
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Althought it's a cuasi-particular Pell's equation or this link I'll do my "own proof"
a) I'm going to prove that ∀ p > 2 with p an odd natural number , there exists at least 4 solutions for the diophantine equation p = x 2 − y 2 = ( x − y ) ( x + y ) Take 2 p + 1 = x and y = x − 1 ≥ 1 , then \begin{cases} {x - y = 1 \\ y + x = p} \end{cases} \Rightarrow p = x^2 - y^2 = (x -y)(x + y) has at least one solution. Changing x to − x , and y to − y we get at least 4 solutions.
b)Let's suppose 2 = x 2 − y 2 = ( x − y ) ( x + y ) has at least one solution with x , y ∈ Z ⇒ we'll have 4 posibilitties which lead us to contradictions.
1.- Let's suppose \begin{cases}{x - y = 1 \\ x + y = 2}\end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases}{ x= y + 1 \\ 2y + 1 = 2}\end{cases} \Rightarrow y = \frac{1}{2} . This is a contradiction, y must belong to integers numbers set.
2.- Let's suppose x − y = − 1 ...
3.- Let's suppose x − y = 2 ....
4.- Let's suppose x − y = − 2 ...