My x x and y y 's

Algebra Level 5

Suppose there are two distinct positive integers x x and y y such that the expression ( 2017 + x ) ( 2017 + y ) (2017+x)(2017+y) is a perfect square, find the minimum value of x + y x + y .


The answer is 107.

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2 solutions

Efren Medallo
Apr 29, 2017

Let there be a positive integer p p such that

( 2017 + p ) 2 = ( 2017 + x ) ( 2017 + y ) (2017+p)^2 = (2017+x)(2017+y)

Simple rearrangement of terms will give us

4034 p + p 2 = 2017 ( x + y ) + x y 4034p + p^2 = 2017(x+y) + xy

p 2 x y = 2017 ( x + y 2 p ) eq. 1 p^2 - xy = 2017(x+y-2p) \:\:\: \text{eq. 1}

Now we know that the expression 2017 p 2 x y 2017 | p^2 - xy , or that p 2 x y = 2017 k p^2 - xy = 2017k for some integer k k .

And k k here is

k = x + y 2 p k= x+y - 2p

so p = x + y k 2 p = \frac{x+y-k}{2}

Now, we want to make sure that x x and y y are different, so let us express y y in terms of x x and some other number q q , such that y = x + q y = x+q .

Substituting y y onto p p yields us

p = x + q k 2 p= x + \frac{q-k}{2}

And substituting this to e q . 1 \:eq. 1 , we get

( x + q k 2 ) 2 = 2017 k + x ( x + q ) ( x + \frac{q-k}{2})^2 = 2017k + x(x+q)

( q k 2 ) 2 = k ( 2017 + x ) (\frac{q-k}{2})^2 = k(2017+x)

We can now proceed in finding the minimum x x and q q , and finding y y will easily come next.

For an integer q q it will be fairly easy to note that the minimum will be achieved when

q k 2 = 2017 k \frac{q-k}{2} = \lceil \sqrt{2017k} \rceil

and that gives us q q in terms of k k as

q = 2 2017 k + k q = 2 \lceil \sqrt{2017k} \rceil +k

And then x x will just follow.

x = 1 k ( q k 2 ) 2 2017 x = \frac{1}{k}(\frac{q-k}{2})^2 - 2017

Of course, so should y y , as y = x + q y= x + q .

We now investigate the values of x x and y y for increasing k k .

k q x y 1 91 8 99 2 130 31 161 3 159 11 170 4 184 8 192 5 207 23 230 \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \ \ k\ \ &\ \ q\ \ &\ \ x\ \ &\ \ y\ \ \\ \hline \hline \ \ 1\ \ &\ \ 91\ \ &\ \ 8\ \ &\ \ 99\ \ \\ \hline \ \ 2\ \ &\ \ 130\ \ &\ \ 31\ \ &\ \ 161\ \ \\ \hline \ \ 3\ \ &\ \ 159\ \ &\ \ 11\ \ &\ \ 170\ \ \\ \hline \ \ 4\ \ &\ \ 184\ \ &\ \ 8\ \ &\ \ 192\ \ \\ \hline \ \ 5\ \ &\ \ 207\ \ &\ \ 23\ \ &\ \ 230\ \ \\ \hline \end{array}

We see now that q q increases with k k , so the minimum q q , x x and y y occurs when k = 1 k=1 , such that x + y = 107 x+y = \boxed{107} .

( 2017 + x ) ( 2017 + y ) 2017+x)(2017+y) = 4 5 2 45^2 . 4 6 2 46^2 ,

So that x = 8 , y = 99 x=8,y=99 .

So x + y x+y = 107.

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