A B C D be a trapezoid with A B ∥ D C such that ∠ D A C = 5 0 ∘ , ∠ D B C = 6 0 ∘ . Suppose A C ∩ D B = E , then denote G , F the projections from E onto A D , B C , M is the midpoint of G F .
LetIf O is the circumcenter of △ D E C , find ∠ M E O in degrees.
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@Xuming Liang This can produce a simpler solution: Let A D ∩ B C ≡ P and Q , R be the midpoints of A B , C D resp. We have: P , Q , E , R are collinear. Also, ∠ E F G = ∠ A P Q , ∠ E G F = ∠ B P Q then, by well known configuration involving medians, ∠ G E M = ∠ P B A = ∠ B C D . Now, ∠ M E O = ∠ G E M + ∠ D E G + ∠ D E O = ∠ B C D + 9 0 ∘ − ∠ A D E + 9 0 ∘ − ∠ A C D = 1 7 0 ∘ , done..
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I will take you through how this problem was created in detail. First, I will reveal the hidden configuration:
Construct the circumcenters of △ A E D , △ B E C and denote them O 1 , O 2 respectively.
First, we claim that E O bisects O 1 O 2 .
To prove this, I will construct one more point for convenience, the circumcenter O 3 of A B E . Clearly O O 1 O 3 O 2 is a parallelogram, so it now suffices to prove F ∈ O O 3 , which is also immediate from the fact that A E B , C E D are homothetic through E .
Next, we show that E O 1 O 2 , E F G are directly similar (This means the angle formed by rotating counterclockwise E O 1 to E O 2 and E F to E G is the same, or ∠ ( E F , G E ) = ∠ E O 1 , E O 2 in directed angle notation), which is equivalent to the two triangles can be mapped to each other by a spiral similarity transformation.
Note that E G , E O 1 are isogonals wrt ∠ A E D and likewise E F , E O 2 are isogonals wrt ∠ B E C . Therefore ∠ G E F = ∠ O 1 E O 2 .
We now show that E G E F = B C A D = E O 2 E O 1 . The front half of this equality can be proven using the fact taht A E D , B E C have the same area. The second half can be done by proving either A D O 1 ∼ B C O 2 or extended sine rule.
Hence E O 1 O 2 ∼ E F G . To avoid introducing new concepts, we can conclude without rigor their directness visually with a diagram. Since N , M are two corresponding points in their spiral similarity, by the properties of the transformation:
∠ M E N = ∠ F E O 1 = 1 8 0 − ∣ ∠ D E O 1 − ∠ B E F ∣ = 1 8 0 − ∣ ∠ D A C − ∠ D B C ∣ = 1 7 0 ∘