During a contest, Benedict, Bob, Brenda, Brian and Billy were asked to each write a number. They decided to write five consecutive positive integers and respectively such that according to their order of birth.
Not only was the sum of the five numbers a perfect cube, the sum of Bob, Brenda and Brian's number was a perfect square. Given that all five numbers were greater than 1 but less than 1000, find their sum.
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Note that the sum of these five numbers is five times the middle number (i.e. Brenda's number) so the sum can be expressed as 5 r . Similayly, q + r + s = 3 r as Brenda's number is the middle of the 3 as well.
We have 5 r = m 3 and 3 r = n 2 where m and n are positive integers. Evidently, 5 r must be divisible by 5 3 a to be a perfect cube where a is a positive integer. This means r is divisible by 5 3 a − 1 such that 3 a − 1 > 0 . Similarly, 3 r must also be divisible by 3 2 b to be a perfect square where b is a positive integer. So r is divisible by 3 2 b − 1 where 2 b − 1 > 0 .
It follows that r must have 3 and 5 as prime factors. Suppose r = 5 3 a − 1 × 3 2 b − 1 . This means 5 r = m 3 = 5 3 a × 3 2 b − 1 so ( 2 b − 1 ) must be divisible by 3. Also 3 r = n 2 = 5 3 a − 1 × 3 2 n so ( 3 a − 1 ) must be divisible by 2. We find that an acceptable solution is ( a , b ) = ( 1 , 2 ) .
Now r = 5 3 − 1 × 3 2 × 2 − 1 = 5 2 × 3 3 = 6 7 5 . We subconsciously made an assumption earlier that r has 3 and 5 as its ONLY prime factors and it is a valid assumption as if r = 6 7 5 has any other prime factors, even if it is 2, r would exceed 1000 which is against the question. So the sum of the five numbers is 6 7 5 × 5 = 3 3 7 5 .