Mystery number...

During a contest, Benedict, Bob, Brenda, Brian and Billy were asked to each write a number. They decided to write five consecutive positive integers p , q , r , s p, q, r, s and t t respectively such that p > q > r > s > t p>q>r>s>t according to their order of birth.

Not only was the sum of the five numbers a perfect cube, the sum of Bob, Brenda and Brian's number was a perfect square. Given that all five numbers were greater than 1 but less than 1000, find their sum.


The answer is 3375.

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1 solution

Noel Lo
May 15, 2015

Note that the sum of these five numbers is five times the middle number (i.e. Brenda's number) so the sum can be expressed as 5 r 5r . Similayly, q + r + s = 3 r q+r+s = 3r as Brenda's number is the middle of the 3 as well.

We have 5 r = m 3 5r = m^3 and 3 r = n 2 3r = n^2 where m m and n n are positive integers. Evidently, 5 r 5r must be divisible by 5 3 a 5^{3a} to be a perfect cube where a a is a positive integer. This means r r is divisible by 5 3 a 1 5^{3a-1} such that 3 a 1 > 0 3a-1>0 . Similarly, 3 r 3r must also be divisible by 3 2 b 3^{2b} to be a perfect square where b b is a positive integer. So r r is divisible by 3 2 b 1 3^{2b-1} where 2 b 1 > 0 2b-1>0 .

It follows that r r must have 3 and 5 as prime factors. Suppose r = 5 3 a 1 × 3 2 b 1 r = 5^{3a-1} \times 3^{2b-1} . This means 5 r = m 3 = 5 3 a × 3 2 b 1 5r = m^3 = 5^{3a} \times 3^{2b-1} so ( 2 b 1 ) (2b-1) must be divisible by 3. Also 3 r = n 2 = 5 3 a 1 × 3 2 n 3r =n^2= 5^{3a-1} \times 3^{2n} so ( 3 a 1 ) (3a-1) must be divisible by 2. We find that an acceptable solution is ( a , b ) = ( 1 , 2 ) (a, b) = (1, 2) .

Now r = 5 3 1 × 3 2 × 2 1 = 5 2 × 3 3 = 675 r = 5^{3-1} \times 3^{2 \times 2 - 1} = 5^2 \times 3^3 = 675 . We subconsciously made an assumption earlier that r r has 3 and 5 as its ONLY prime factors and it is a valid assumption as if r = 675 r=675 has any other prime factors, even if it is 2, r r would exceed 1000 which is against the question. So the sum of the five numbers is 675 × 5 = 3375 675 \times 5 = \boxed{3375} .

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