f ( x ) = x x x . . .
If a = e − e and b = e 1 / e , let G ( n ) = ∫ a b ⋯ ∫ a b i = 1 ∏ n f ( x i ) d x 1 ⋯ d x n for positive integers n .
Find ⌊ n = 1 ∑ 5 0 G ( n ) ⌋ .
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how f(a)=1/e???
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a = e − e = ( e 1 ) e = ( e 1 ) 1 / e 1 .
Since x = y 1 / y ⟹ y = e 1 , x = e − e .
Very well explained!
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f ( x ) = x x x . . . is the infinite power tower (tetration), which is continuous and differentiable in [ e − e , e 1 / e ] . The integral
∫ a b ⋯ ∫ a b i = 1 ∏ n f ( x i ) d x 1 ⋯ d x n = i = 1 ∏ n ∫ a b f ( x i ) d x i = ( ∫ a b f ( x ) d x ) n for a and b in the domain of f .
Let I = ∫ a b f ( x ) d x ⟹ G ( n ) = I n ⟶ k = 1 ∑ n I k = I − 1 I n + 1 − I . ( Recalling from algebra that 1 + z + z 2 + ⋯ + z n − 1 = z − 1 z n − 1 )
Now we need only worry about evaluating I . Recall that ∫ a b f ( x ) d x + ∫ f ( a ) f ( b ) f − 1 ( x ) d x = b f ( b ) − a f ( a ) . For a = e − e and b = e 1 / e , f ( a ) = e 1 and f ( b ) = e .
∫ 1 / e e x 1 / x d x ≈ 2 . 6 5 8 6 0 7 4 5 2 3 3 9 4 3 3 . . . ⟹ ( e 1 / e ) e − ( e − e ) e 1 − 2 . 6 5 8 6 0 7 4 5 2 3 3 9 4 3 3 . . . ≈ I
So since I ≈ 1 . 2 4 4 1 3 1 3 0 0 6 5 1 4 ⋯ ⟹ n = 1 ∑ 5 0 G ( n ) ≈ 2 8 2 1 9 2 . 6 7 2 5 6 1 2 . . . .
Hence, applying the greatest integer function yields 2 8 2 1 9 2 .