Let be a pair of positive integers for which What is the smallest possible value of ?
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Because the multiplier 1 2 = 2 2 ⋅ 3 contains 2 and 3 as prime factors, the smallest values for x and y will only contain these prime factors. So we write x = 2 a ⋅ 3 b , y = 2 c ⋅ 3 d . The equation becomes ( 2 a ⋅ 3 b ) 5 = 2 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ ( 2 c ⋅ 3 d ) 8 . Distributing the powers and comparing the exponents of 2 and 3, we get the linear equations { 5 a = 2 + 8 c ; 5 b = 1 + 8 d We must find the smallest non-negative integer solution for each of these equations. It is not difficult to see that { 5 ⋅ 2 = 2 + 8 ⋅ 1 ; 5 ⋅ 5 = 1 + 8 ⋅ 3
Thus we have a = 2 , b = 1 , c = 5 , d = 3 and x = 2 2 ⋅ 3 5 = 9 7 2 ; y = 2 1 ⋅ 3 2 = 5 4 , so that the answer is 1 0 2 6 .
Note: The Chinese remainder theorem guarantees that there is a unique solution with a , c < 8 and b , d < 5 .
All other solutions are of the form x = 9 7 2 ⋅ n 8 , y = 5 4 ⋅ n 5 , where n is any positive integer. (Prove this!)