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Note: We don't need the convergence by comparison test to rearrange terms with their neighbors. We only need absolute convergence when we are "arbitrarily" rearranging terms (e.g. from a 1 0 to b 1 0 0 ).
That is why telescoping series always work (and schools can happily ignore what happens in the infinite case).
Express the given fraction in terms of partial fractions & apply cover-up rule to get the expression (k-3)/(k^2-1)=-1/(k-1) + 3/k - 2/(k+1).
From there apply the method of difference on the summation where infinity is replaced by N to obtain 1/N - 2/(N+1).
From there use the concept of reciprocal of N tending to zero as N tends to infinity to obtain zero.
(k-3)/ k(k^2 -1) = 1/2 ( 1/k-1 - 1/k+1 ) - 1/2 { 3/(k-1)k - 3/k(k+1) } So Ans) = 1/2 ( 1/1 + 1/2 ) - 1/2 ( 3/1*2 ) = 3/4 - 3/4 = 0 (by telescoping sum )
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Let k ( k 2 − 1 ) k − 3 = k A + k − 1 B + k + 1 C .
Then k − 3 = A ( k 2 − 1 ) + B k ( k + 1 ) + C k ( k − 1 ) = ( A + B + C ) k 2 + ( B − C ) k − A .
Comparing like coefficients, we see that A + B + C = 0 , B − C = 1 and A = 3 .
Thus ( B + C ) + ( B − C ) = − 3 + 1 = − 2 ⟹ B = − 1 and C = − 2 .
So k ( k 2 − 1 ) k − 3 = k 3 − k − 1 1 − k + 1 2 .
Now since the series clearly converges by the comparison test with ∑ k 2 1 we are free to rearrange terms. In doing so, we note that each integer denominator n ≥ 3 will appear (in unreduced fractions) three times, once for each of the fractions in the above sum. In each case this rearrangement will sum to 0 , leaving the occurrences of 1 and 2 in denominators as the only fractions we need to consider further. Now we have one occurrence of denominator 1 when k = 2 and two occurrences of denominator 2 , one each for k = 2 and k = 3 . These sum to
2 3 − 2 − 1 1 − 3 − 1 1 = 0 .
Much ado about nothing, indeed. :) (The title was a pretty strong hint.)