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Suppose the quadratic polynomial P ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c P(x)=ax^{2}+bx+c has positive coefficients a , b , c a,b,c in arithmetic progression in that order. If P ( x ) = 0 P(x)=0 has integer roots α \alpha and β \beta , then find α + β + α β . \large \alpha + \beta + \alpha\beta .

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1 solution

Kushal Bose
Feb 26, 2017

From Vieta's Formula α + β = b a \alpha +\beta=-\dfrac{b}{a} and α β = c a \alpha \beta=\dfrac{c}{a}

As α \alpha and β \beta are integers then a b a|b and a c a|c .Let's assume b = a m ; c = a n b=am\,\,; c=an .According to the question a , b , c a,b,c are in A.P. so we can write 2 b = a + c 2 a m = a n + a 2 m = n + 1 n = 2 m 1 2b=a+c \implies 2am=an+a \implies 2m=n+1 \implies n=2m-1 .Now our new a , b , c a,b,c becomes a , a m , a ( 2 m 1 ) a,am,a(2m-1) .Putting this in the given quadratics

a x 2 + a m x + a ( 2 m 1 ) = 0 x 2 + m x + ( 2 m 1 ) = 0 ax^2+amx+a(2m-1)=0 \implies x^2+mx+(2m-1)=0 .The roots are integer then its\'s discriminant will be a perfect square.

d 2 = m 2 4 ( 2 m 1 ) = m 2 8 m + 4 = ( m 4 ) 2 12 ( m 4 ) 2 d 2 = 12 ( m 4 + d ) ( m 4 d ) = 12 d^2=m^2-4(2m-1)=m^2-8m+4=(m-4)^2-12\ \implies (m-4)^2-d^2=12 \implies (m-4+d)(m-4-d)=12

( m 4 + d ) ( m 4 d ) = 12 = 2 × 6 = ( 2 ) × ( 6 ) (m-4+d)(m-4-d)=12=2 \times 6=(-2) \times (-6) .To get an integral m m the two factors must be even

m 4 + d = 6 ; m 4 d = 2 m = 8 m-4+d=6 ; m-4-d=2 \implies m=8 .The second value will give m = 0 m=0 which is not allowable for non-zero A.P.

Putting m = 8 m=8 the a , b , c a,b,c becomes a , 8 m , 15 m a,8m,15m .Now α + β = 8 \alpha+\beta=-8 and α β = 15 \alpha \beta=15

So, α + β = 8 + 15 = 7 \alpha + \beta=-8+15=\boxed{7}

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