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Substituting x = 1 + 1 + 1 + . . . into itself gives x = 1 + x Note the solution is defined as positive since square root is always positive, if not imaginary. Square the equation to get x 2 = 1 + x The only positive solution to this quadratic is the famous ϕ = 2 1 + 5 ≈ 1 . 6 2