True or False?
Recall that e x = 1 + x + 2 ! x 2 + 3 ! x 3 + 4 ! x 4 + ⋯ . Differentiating with respect to x , we obtain d x d ( e x ) = 0 + 1 + x + 2 ! x 2 + 3 ! x 3 + ⋯ = e x . And integrating, we obtain ∫ e x = x + 1 ⋅ 2 ! x 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 ! x 3 + 4 ⋅ 4 ! x 4 + ⋯ + C , where C is the constant of integration. Then it must be true that 0 + 1 + x + 2 ! x 2 + 3 ! x 3 + ⋯ = x + 1 ⋅ 2 ! x 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 ! x 3 + 4 ⋅ 4 ! x 4 + ⋯ + C because the derivative of e x is the same as that of the integration of e x .
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Interesting, but C must = 1.Ed Gray
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No, 1 comes from definite integration. This is indefinite.
Say that x = 0 . The left side now becomes 0, while the right side becomes C . Because C can be anything we choose, and because C has to be 0 for it to be true, this equation is obviously false. Therefore, the original equation is false.
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I don't know if this is what was intended, but the integration ∫ e x = x + 1 ⋅ 2 ! x 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 ! x 3 + 4 ⋅ 4 ! x 4 + ⋯ + C is incorrect. The integration should come out to ∫ e x d x = x + 2 x 2 + 3 ⋅ 2 ! x 3 + 4 ⋅ 3 ! x 4 + ⋯ + C . (In particular, there should be a term of d x in the integral.) Under this calculation, the final result becomes correct.