New Day Calculus Functions.

Calculus Level 4

Let f : R R f : \mathbb R \rightarrow \mathbb R be a continuous function with f ( 1 ) = 1009 f(1) = 1009 and f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) + 2018 x y f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 2018xy for all real x x and y y .

Find 201 8 2 f ( 1 2018 ) 2018^2 f \left(\frac {1}{2018}\right) .


The answer is 1009.

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
May 22, 2018

Let us differentiate the above functional equation with respect to x & y, which yields:

f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + 2018 y f'(x+y) = f'(x) + 2018y (i)

f ( x + y ) = f ( y ) + 2018 x f'(x+y) = f'(y) + 2018x (ii)

and equating (i) with (ii) produces f ( x ) = 2018 x + f ( y ) 2018 y f ( x ) = 2018 x + A ( A R ) f'(x) = 2018x + f'(y) - 2018y \Rightarrow f'(x) = 2018x + A (A \in \mathbb{R}) (iii). Integrating (iii) with respect to x next gives:

f ( x ) = 1009 x 2 + A x + B f(x) = 1009x^2 + Ax + B (iv)

We need two initial conditions to solve for (iv), and if we take x = y = 0 x = y = 0 into the original functional equation, we obtain:

f ( 0 + 0 ) = f ( 0 ) + f ( 0 ) + 2018 0 2 f ( 0 ) = 0 f(0+0) = f(0) + f(0) + 2018 \cdot 0^2 \Rightarrow f(0) = 0

Coupling this condition with f ( 1 ) = 1009 f(1) = 1009 yields A = B = 0 A = B = 0 , which ultimately produces f ( x ) = 1009 x 2 . \boxed{f(x) = 1009x^2}. Thus, 201 8 2 f ( 1 2018 ) = 201 8 2 1009 1 201 8 2 = 1009 2018^2 \cdot f(\frac{1}{2018}) = 2018^2 \cdot 1009 \cdot \frac{1}{2018^2} = \boxed{1009} is the final result.

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