It Starts with 4

Recently the Largest known prime number is discovered. It is

2 77 , 232 , 917 1 \huge {2}^{77,232,917} - 1

What are the last three digit of this number?


The answer is 71.

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1 solution

Leonel Castillo
Jan 8, 2018

The problem is equivalent to solving the congruence 2 77232917 1 m o d 1000 2^{77232917} - 1 \mod 1000 . We can break down 1000 = 2 3 5 3 1000 = 2^3 5^3 and solve for both factors separately. It is clear that 2 77232918 0 m o d 2 3 2^{77232918} \equiv 0 \mod 2^3 so the number is congruent with 1 m o d 8 -1 \mod 8 . To solve the congruence m o d 5 3 \mod 5^3 first compute ϕ ( 125 ) = 125 × ( 1 1 5 ) = 100 \phi(125) = 125 \times (1 - \frac{1}{5}) = 100 to simplify 2 77232917 2 17 m o d 5 3 2^{77232917} \equiv 2^{17} \mod 5^3 . And 2 17 2^{17} is just 131072 131072 which is congruent to 72 m o d 5 3 72 \mod 5^3 so the number is congruent to 71 m o d 125 71 \mod 125 .

The Chinese Remainder Theorem tells us that there is a class m o d 1000 \mod 1000 that satisfies both of those congruences, but simply notice that 71 1 m o d 8 71 \equiv -1 \mod 8 so the class 71 + 1000 n 71 + 1000n satisfies both congruences, which tells us that the last 3 digits are 071 071 .

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