Recently the Largest known prime number is discovered. It is
What are the last three digit of this number?
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The problem is equivalent to solving the congruence 2 7 7 2 3 2 9 1 7 − 1 m o d 1 0 0 0 . We can break down 1 0 0 0 = 2 3 5 3 and solve for both factors separately. It is clear that 2 7 7 2 3 2 9 1 8 ≡ 0 m o d 2 3 so the number is congruent with − 1 m o d 8 . To solve the congruence m o d 5 3 first compute ϕ ( 1 2 5 ) = 1 2 5 × ( 1 − 5 1 ) = 1 0 0 to simplify 2 7 7 2 3 2 9 1 7 ≡ 2 1 7 m o d 5 3 . And 2 1 7 is just 1 3 1 0 7 2 which is congruent to 7 2 m o d 5 3 so the number is congruent to 7 1 m o d 1 2 5 .
The Chinese Remainder Theorem tells us that there is a class m o d 1 0 0 0 that satisfies both of those congruences, but simply notice that 7 1 ≡ − 1 m o d 8 so the class 7 1 + 1 0 0 0 n satisfies both congruences, which tells us that the last 3 digits are 0 7 1 .