Nice hope so

Calculus Level 3

x ( 0 , π 2 ) , c o s x = 1 3 x \in (0 , \dfrac{\pi}{2}) , cosx = \dfrac{1}{3}

m = 0 c o s m x 3 m = \displaystyle \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{cosmx}{3^m} =


The answer is 1.00.

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2 solutions

Hwang Seung Hwan
Jan 13, 2015

Think about the sum of a geometric sequence (e^ix/3)^m. Taking a real part of this sum, we get a result.

Tijmen Veltman
Jan 13, 2015

We need to find a pattern for cos m x \cos mx , which can be given by the Chebyshev polynomials . On this helpful page we find that

cos m x = T m ( cos x ) \cos mx = T_m(\cos x)

as well as

m = 0 T m ( z ) t m = 1 t z 1 2 t z + t 2 . \sum_{m=0}^\infty T_m(z)t^m = \frac{1-tz}{1-2tz+t^2}.

We substitute t = z = 1 3 t=z=\frac13 :

m = 0 cos m x 3 m = 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 3 + ( 1 3 ) 2 = 1 . \sum_{m=0}^\infty \frac{\cos mx}{3^m}=\frac{1-\frac13\cdot\frac13}{1-2\cdot\frac13\cdot\frac13+\left(\frac13\right)^2}=\boxed{1}.

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