N = ( 0 5 ) ( 5 5 0 5 ) − ( 1 5 ) ( 5 4 0 4 ) + ( 2 5 ) ( 5 3 0 3 ) − ( 3 5 ) ( 5 2 0 2 ) + ( 4 5 ) ( 5 1 0 1 )
How many positive integral divisors does N have?
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N is equal to the coefficient of x 5 in
( 0 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 5 0 5 − ( 1 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 4 0 4 + ( 2 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 3 0 3 − ( 3 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 2 0 2 + ( 4 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 1 0 1 − ( 5 5 )
= ( ( 1 + x ) 1 0 1 − 1 ) 5
= x 5 ( 1 0 1 + ( 2 1 0 1 ) x + ( 3 1 0 1 ) x 2 + ⋯ + ( 1 0 0 1 0 1 ) x 9 9 + x 1 0 0 ) 5
Clearly, the coefficient of x 5 in this simplified expression is given by just 1 0 1 5 . Thus, the number of positive integral divisors of N is 6 .
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Let f ( x ) = ( ( 1 + x ) 1 0 1 − 1 ) 5 = ( 0 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 5 0 5 − ( 1 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 4 0 4 + ( 2 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 3 0 3 − ( 3 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 2 0 2 + ( 4 5 ) ( 1 + x ) 1 0 1 − 1 .
Note that N is the coefficient of x 5 of f ( x ) or N = 5 ! f ( 5 ) ( 0 ) , where f ( n ) is the n th derivative of f ( x ) .
Since f ( 5 ) ( x ) = 5 ! 1 0 1 5 ⟹ N = 1 0 1 5 . Noting that 101 is a prime, the number of divisors of N is 5 + 1 = 6 .