for coprime positive integers . Find the value of .
Two real numbers in the unit interval are generated by successively choosing non-prime digits at random. The expectation of the absolute value of the difference between them is of the formThere is a possible hint in the picture.
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Let the expectation be E . Pick two random numbers x = i = 1 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i x i and y = i = 1 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i y i , with x i , y i ∈ { 0 , 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 } .
Case 1: they start with the same digit. The expectation of ∣ x − y ∣ is then 1 0 1 E .
Case 2: they start with different digits. Suppose WLOG x > y . The expectation is E ( x − y ∣ x > y ) = i = 1 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i x i − y i = 1 0 1 E ( x 1 − y 1 ∣ x 1 > y 1 ) + i = 2 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i 1 E ( x i − y i )
∀ i , E ( x i − y i ) = E ( x i ) − E ( y i ) = 0 .
E ( x 1 − y 1 ∣ x 1 > y 1 ) = 1 5 1 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 1 5 6 8
Case 1 has probability 6 1 , case 2 has probability 6 5 .
E = 6 1 ⋅ 1 0 1 E + 6 5 ⋅ 1 0 1 ⋅ 1 5 6 8 so 6 0 5 9 E = 6 0 ⋅ 3 6 8 and therefore E = 1 7 7 6 8 and 6 8 + 1 7 7 = 2 4 5 ,