I Was Very Amazed At The Solution 7

Geometry Level 3

If cos ( 1810 8 ) = a b c \cos (18108^{\circ}) = \dfrac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c} , where gcd ( a , c ) = 1 \gcd(a, c) = 1 and b b is a square-free integer, find the value of

16 ( a + b + c ) 16(a + \sqrt{b + c})


For more problems like this, try this set .


The answer is 64.

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1 solution

Christian Daang
Jun 20, 2017

Note that cos ( 1810 8 ) = cos ( 10 8 ) \cos(18108 ^{\circ}) = \cos (108^{\circ})

Construct a regular pentagon A B C D E ABCDE and lines A D , A C , B D \overline{AD} \ , \ \overline{AC} \ , \ \overline{BD} .

Let A B = B C = C D = s , A D = A C = B D = y \overline{AB} \ = \ \overline{BC} \ = \ \overline{CD} = s \ , \ \overline{AD} \ = \ \overline{AC} \ = \ \overline{BD} = y

By law of cosine in Δ B C D \Delta BCD , s 2 + s 2 2 ( s ) ( s ) ( cos ( 10 8 ) ) = y 2 \implies s^2 + s^2 - 2(s)(s)(\cos(108^{\circ})) = y^2

As A B C D ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, we have:

s ( y ) + s ( s ) = y ( y ) y 2 s y s 2 = 0 y = s ± s 2 + 4 s 2 2 = s ± s 5 2 y 2 = 3 s 2 ± s 2 5 2 \begin{aligned} & s(y) + s(s) = y(y) \\ & \implies y^2 - sy - s^2 = 0 \\ & \implies y = \dfrac{s \pm \sqrt{s^2 + 4s^2}}{2} = \dfrac{s \pm s\sqrt{5}}{2} \\ & \implies y^2 = \dfrac{3s^2 \pm s^2 \sqrt{5}}{2} \end{aligned}

Then,

s 2 + s 2 2 ( s ) ( s ) ( cos ( 10 8 ) ) = 3 s 2 ± s 2 5 2 2 s 2 3 s 2 ± s 2 5 2 = 2 ( s ) ( s ) ( cos ( 10 8 ) ) s 2 ± s 2 5 2 = 2 ( s ) ( s ) ( cos ( 10 8 ) ) cos ( 10 8 ) = 1 5 4 \begin{aligned} & s^2 + s^2 - 2(s)(s)(\cos(108^{\circ})) = \dfrac{3s^2 \pm s^2 \sqrt{5}}{2} \\ & \implies 2s^2 - \dfrac{3s^2 \pm s^2 \sqrt{5}}{2} = 2(s)(s)(\cos(108^{\circ})) \\ & \implies \dfrac{s^2 \pm s^2 \sqrt{5}}{2} = 2(s)(s)(\cos(108^{\circ})) \\ & \implies \cos(108^{\circ}) = \dfrac{1 - \sqrt{5}}{4} \end{aligned}

as cos ( 10 8 ) < 0 \cos(108^{\circ}) < 0 .

Then, a = 1 , b = 5 , c = 4 a = 1, b = 5, c = 4

16 ( a + b + c ) = 16 ( 1 + 5 + 4 ) = 64 \therefore 16(a + \sqrt{b + c}) = 16(1 + \sqrt{5 + 4}) = \boxed{64}

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