Solve the ODE x y ′ + y = ( x y ) 2 ln x where y ( 1 ) = 3 1 . Calculate the value of y ( e ) to 3 decimal places.
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The function comes out to be :
x y 1 + x ( l n ( x ) − 1 ) = 2
Solution for this problem :
Rewriting the differential equation we get :
x y 2 y ′ + y 1 = x 2 ( l n ( x ) )
Put y 1 = t
Our differential equation becomes :
− x t ′ + t = x 2 l n ( x )
d x d t − x t = − x l n ( x )
Now this a linear differential equation, hence we find our integrating factor and that comes out to be :
I . F = e ∫ x − 1 d x = x 1
Multiplying by integrating factor we get :
x 1 d x d t − x 2 t = − l n ( x )
Integrating both sides we get :
x t = x ( 1 − l n ( x ) ) + C
Putting back t = y 1 we get :
x y 1 = x ( 1 − l n ( x ) ) + C
Put x = 1 , y = 3 1 to get C = 2
Hence our solution is :
x y 1 + x ( l n ( x ) − 1 ) = 2
A much easier way is to express it as d x d ( x y ) = ( x y ) 2 ln x ⇒ ( x y ) 2 d ( x y ) = ln x d x . What follows is elementary integration and substitution just the way you did !!
How did you arrive at this? y = 2 x + x 2 ( 1 − ln x ) 1
Very good. Your substitution is what is used to solve a general Bernouilli differential equation !
Same as I did! Btw are you preparing for JEE? And congrats for your selection in Chemistry olympiad! Hope to see you in stage 2!
This is exactly how I did it. Great solution!
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We can see that if z = x y , the equation becomes z ′ = z 2 ln x , which is separable; its solution is given by − x y 1 = − z 1 = ∫ z 2 d z = ∫ ln x d x = x ( ln x − 1 ) + C .
Substituting for x = 1 , we find out that − 3 = − 1 + C , so C = − 2 . Substituting x = e , we find out that − e y 1 = C = − 2 , so y = 2 e 1 .