Nonlinear Differential Equation - Part 2

Calculus Level 5

Consider a physical system, the behaviour of which is captured using the following time-varying differential equation.

d 2 x d t 2 + k x 2 = 0 \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} + kx^2 = 0

k k is a positive real number. Let x ( t ) x(t) be the general solution of this equation. Here, t t denotes time. It is known that x ( 0 ) = A x(0) = A and x ˙ ( 0 ) = 0 \dot{x}(0) = 0 . A A is a positive real number. let T T be the minimum positive time such that x ( T ) = 0 x(T)=0 . then T T is of the form:

T = B ( 1 a , 1 b ) a b ( A k ) 1 c T = \frac{B\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}\left(Ak\right)^{\frac{1}{c}}}

Here, a a , b b and c c are positive integers. Compute a + b + c a+b+c .

Note: B ( m , n ) B(m,n) is the Beta function .

Also try: Nonlinear Differential Equation


The answer is 7.

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1 solution

Aareyan Manzoor
Jul 15, 2019

the equation can be simplified to d 2 x d t 2 + k x 2 = 0 v d v d x = k x 2 0 v v dv = A x k x dx v 2 = 2 3 k ( A 3 x 3 ) \large{\dfrac{d^2x}{dt^2}} + kx^2 = 0 \to v\dfrac{dv}{dx} =-kx^2\to \int_0^v v\text{dv} =-\int_A^x kx \text{dx}\to v^2 = \dfrac{2}{3} k(A^3-x^3) since x x must decrease from some positive A A to 0, v v has to be the negative square root, i.e v = 2 3 k A 3 1 x 3 A 3 A 0 ( 1 x 3 A 3 ) 1 / 2 dx = 0 T 2 3 k A 3 dt A 3 1 0 u 2 / 3 ( 1 u ) 1 / 2 du = 2 3 k A 3 T T = B ( 1 3 , 1 2 ) 6 A k \large v = - \sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3} kA^3} \sqrt{1-\dfrac{x^3}{A^3}}\to \int_A^0 \left(1-\dfrac{x^3}{A^3}\right)^{-1/2} \text{dx} = - \int_0^T\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3} kA^3}\text{dt}\\ \dfrac{A}{3}\int_1^0 u^{-2/3} (1-u)^{-1/2} \text{du}=-\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3} kA^3} T\to T = \boxed{\dfrac{\Beta\left(\dfrac{1}{3},\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}{\sqrt{6Ak}}}


note that for the diff eq d 2 x d t 2 + k x n = 0 \large \dfrac{d^2x}{dt^2} + kx^n = 0 with the same initial conditions, the value would be T = B ( 1 n + 1 , 1 2 ) 2 ( n + 1 ) A n 1 k \large T = \boxed{\dfrac{\Beta\left(\dfrac{1}{n+1},\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2(n+1)A^{n-1}k}}} which can be shown by the same method used here.

Thank you for posting a solution.

Karan Chatrath - 1 year, 11 months ago

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thanks, have fixed the solution.

Aareyan Manzoor - 1 year, 11 months ago

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