Not as easy as it look!

Algebra Level 3

sin 2 π 7 + sin 4 π 7 + sin 8 π 7 \large \sin\frac{2\pi}{7} + \sin \frac{4\pi}{7} + \sin\frac{8\pi}{7}

What is the value of the expression above?

2 5 \frac{\sqrt2}{5} 5 2 \frac{\sqrt5}{2} 7 2 \frac{\sqrt7}{2} 1

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1 solution

Otto Bretscher
May 10, 2015

I took a rather convoluted path to find this solution... there has to be a better way.

Let t = 2 π 7 t=\frac{2\pi}{7} throughout, and let S S be the sum we seek.

As we compute S 2 S^2 , we are in for a pleasant surprise: all the mixed terms 2 sin p t sin q t 2\sin{pt}\sin{qt} cancel out (use 2 sin a sin b = cos ( a b ) cos ( a + b ) 2\sin{a}\sin{b}=\cos(a-b)-\cos(a+b) ), and we are left with S 2 = ( sin t ) 2 + ( sin 2 t ) 2 + ( sin 4 t ) 2 S^2=(\sin{t})^2+(\sin{2t})^2+(\sin{4t})^2 = 1 2 ( 3 cos 2 t cos 4 t cos t ) . =\frac{1}{2}\left(3-\cos{2t}-\cos{4t}-\cos{t}\right). Since they are the real parts of the 7th roots of unity, we have 1 + cos t + cos 2 t + . . . + cos 6 t = 0 1+\cos{t}+\cos{2t}+...+\cos{6t}=0 and therefore cos 2 t + cos 4 t + cos t \cos{2t}+\cos{4t}+\cos{t} = cos 5 t + cos 3 t + cos 6 t = 1 2 =\cos{5t}+\cos{3t}+\cos{6t}=-\frac{1}{2} so that S 2 = 1 2 ( 3 + 1 / 2 ) = 7 / 4 S^2=\frac{1}{2}(3+ 1/2) = 7/4 and S = 7 2 S=\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}} (We know that S is positive since sin t > 1 / 2 , sin 2 t > 0 , \sin{t}>1/2, \sin{2t}>0, and sin 4 t > 1 / 2 \sin{4t}>-1/2 )

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