Senators Sernie Banders and Cedric ”Ced” Truz of Mathematica are running for the office of Price Dent. The election works as follows: There are states, each composed of many adults and children, with only the latter eligible to vote. On election day, the children each cast their vote with equal probability to Banders or Truz. A majority of votes in the state towards a candidate means they ”win” the state, and the candidate with the majority of won states becomes the new Price Dent. Should both candidates win an equal number of states, then whoever had the most votes cast for him wins.
Let the probability that Banders and Truz have an unresolvable election, i.e., that they tie on both the state count and the popular vote, be in lowest terms, and let be the remainders when , respectively, are divided by . Find .
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See page 15 of: http://internetolympiad.org/archive/OMOFall17/OMOFall17Solns.pdf