Suppose P ( x ) is a polynomial with real coefficients.
Then which of the following represents the remainder of the quotient ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 P ( x ) ?
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Note that the Taylor series for any function (in this case is a polynomial P ( x ) ) centered at x = 2 0 1 6 is given by P ( x ) = 0 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 0 P ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 1 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 1 P ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 2 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 2 P ′ ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 3 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 P ′ ′ ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + ⋯ Thus, dividing both sides with ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 will give us ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 P ( x ) = 0 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 0 P ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 1 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 1 P ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 2 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 2 P ′ ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + 3 ! ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 3 P ′ ′ ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) + ⋯ Since we only need to find the remainder, we can neglect all the terms with their numerators being a multiple of ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) k where k is a positive integer larger than or equal to 3. Therefore, the remainder is simply P ( 2 0 1 6 ) + P ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) + 2 1 P ′ ′ ( 2 0 1 6 ) ( x − 2 0 1 6 ) 2 .