A vague problem

Calculus Level 4

Suppose P ( x ) P(x) is a polynomial with real coefficients.

Then which of the following represents the remainder of the quotient P ( x ) ( x 2016 ) 3 \dfrac{P(x)}{(x-2016)^3} ?

P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P''(2016)+P'(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{2}P(2016)(x-2016)^2 P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P'(2016)+P''(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{2}P''(2016)(x-2016)^2 P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P(2016)+P''(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{2}P'(2016)(x-2016)^2 P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P(2016)+P'(2016)(x-2016)+P''(2016)(x-2016)^2 P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P(2016)+P'(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{2}P''(2016)(x-2016)^2 P ( 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 6 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P(2016)+\frac{1}{2}P'(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{6}P''(2016)(x-2016)^2

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1 solution

敬全 钟
Oct 29, 2016

Note that the Taylor series for any function (in this case is a polynomial P ( x ) P(x) ) centered at x = 2016 x=2016 is given by P ( x ) = ( x 2016 ) 0 0 ! P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 1 1 ! P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 2 2 ! P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 3 3 ! P ( 2016 ) + \begin{aligned} P(x)=\frac{(x-2016)^0}{0!}P(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^1}{1!}P'(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^2}{2!}P''(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^3}{3!}P'''(2016)+\cdots \end{aligned} Thus, dividing both sides with ( x 2016 ) 3 (x-2016)^3 will give us P ( x ) ( x 2016 ) 3 = ( x 2016 ) 0 0 ! ( x 2016 ) 3 P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 1 1 ! ( x 2016 ) 3 P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 2 2 ! ( x 2016 ) 3 P ( 2016 ) + ( x 2016 ) 3 3 ! ( x 2016 ) 3 P ( 2016 ) + \begin{aligned} \frac{P(x)}{(x-2016)^3}=\frac{(x-2016)^0}{0!(x-2016)^3}P(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^1}{1!(x-2016)^3}P'(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^2}{2!(x-2016)^3}P''(2016)+\frac{(x-2016)^3}{3!(x-2016)^3}P'''(2016)+\cdots \end{aligned} Since we only need to find the remainder, we can neglect all the terms with their numerators being a multiple of ( x 2016 ) k (x-2016)^k where k k is a positive integer larger than or equal to 3. Therefore, the remainder is simply P ( 2016 ) + P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) + 1 2 P ( 2016 ) ( x 2016 ) 2 P(2016)+P'(2016)(x-2016)+\frac{1}{2}P''(2016)(x-2016)^2 .

If you have the condition that it's a polynomial, then it already means that it is infinitely differentiable, hence I've removed the latter.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago

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