Let p ( x ) be a fourth degree polynomial such that p ( 1 ) = 1 , p ( 2 ) = 2 1 , p ( 3 ) = 3 1 , p ( 4 ) = 4 1 , p ( 5 ) = 5 1 and p ( 6 ) = B A .
Find A + B , where A and B are coprime.
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Great approach! That's the one that I'm thinking of, which is useful for solving such polynomials following a particular algebraic pattern.
Why is this a level 5 problem? Should be level 4. Regardless, concept employed is neat.
From the given information, we deduce that p ( x ) is of the form:
p ( x ) = 2 4 1 ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) − 1 2 1 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) + 1 2 1 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) − 2 4 1 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 5 ) + 1 2 0 1 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 4 )
⇒ p ( 6 ) = 2 4 1 ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) − 1 2 1 ( 5 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) + 1 2 1 ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) − 2 4 1 ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 1 ) + 1 2 0 1 ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) = 2 4 2 4 − 1 2 3 0 + 1 2 4 0 − 2 4 6 0 + 1 2 0 1 2 0 = 1 − 2 5 + 3 1 0 − 2 5 + 1 = 3 1
⇒ A + B = 1 + 3 = 4
There is a much faster way using the Polynomial interpolation - Remainder-Factor Theorem .
Hint: What can we say about x f ( x ) ?
Crap. This was too much.
Sorry for my liberal use of words.
Just entered a random answer and got it correct :P
Wanted to see the solution.
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We can generate an equation:
x p ( x ) = k ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) + 1 .
Sub in x = 0 we have:
0 = − 1 2 0 k + 1
So k = 1 2 0 1 and x p ( x ) = 1 2 0 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 5 ) + 1 .
Sub in x = 6 we get:
6 p ( 6 ) = 1 2 0 5 ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
p ( 6 ) = 6 2 = 3 1 .
So a + b = 1 + 3 = 4