If , and are complex numbers such that:
If the minimum value of can be expressed as , find .
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Since a , b , c are inter exchangeable, we can say that they are roots to a cubic equation, denote it to be f ( W ) = W 3 − x W 2 + y W − z
where x , y , z denote the values a + b + c , a b + a c + b c , a b c . Thus z = − 8
Convert the first given equation to x 2 − 2 y = 2 1
Similarly using the identity a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ( a b + a c + b c ) )
We have
5 5 − 3 ( − 8 ) = x ( 2 1 − y ) ⇒ x ( y − 2 1 ) = 3 1
Solve these two equations simultaneously
x ( 2 y − 4 2 ) = 6 2 ⇒ x ( x 2 − 2 1 − 4 2 ) = 6 2 ⇒ x ( x 2 − 6 3 ) = 6 2 which gives x = − 1 as one of the solution. Factoring out ( x + 1 ) yields the other two roots 2 1 ( 1 ± 2 4 9 )
With this, we can solve for y , thus the solutions ( x , y ) = ( − 1 , 1 0 ) , ( 2 1 ± 2 4 9 , 4 8 3 ± 2 4 9 )
We now consider the identity
a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = = = ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 2 − 2 [ ( a b ) 2 + ( a c ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 ] 4 4 1 − 2 [ ( a b + a c + b c ) 2 − 2 a b c ( a + b + c ) ] 4 4 1 − 2 ( y 2 + 1 6 x )
Substitution of different pairs of x , y gives different values, and its minimum value is − 4 1 8 6 9 + 1 4 7 2 4 9 ⇒ m = 1 8 6 9 , n = 2 4 9 ⇒ m + n = 2 1 1 8