Number Subtracted to its Root

Calculus Level 2

What is the smallest value of x x so that it gives the smallest value of the expression below? x x \large x-\sqrt{x}


The answer is 0.25.

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2 solutions

Jordan Cahn
Feb 5, 2019

Let f ( x ) = x x f(x)=x-\sqrt{x} be defined for all x 0 x\geq 0 . Then f ( x ) = 1 1 2 x f'(x) = 1-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} . Solving f ( x ) = 0 f'(x)=0 tells us that x = 1 4 x=\frac{1}{4} is the only critical point. Furthermore, since f ( 1 4 ) = 1 4 ( 1 4 ) 3 2 = 2 > 0 f''\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{1}{4\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}=2>0 we know that x = 1 4 x=\frac{1}{4} is a local minimum. Our function is differentiable for all x > 0 x>0 , so the only other possible absolute minimum is x = 0 x=0 . But f ( 0 ) = 0 f(0)=0 and f ( 1 4 ) = 1 4 f\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)=-\frac{1}{4} . So x = 1 4 x=\boxed{\frac{1}{4}} is the value of x x that minimizes the given expression.

X X
Feb 10, 2019

Since x x has to be positive, let x = y 2 x=y^2

The expression becomes y 2 y y^2-y

Take the derivative and get 2 y 1 = 0 , y = 0.5 2y-1=0,y=0.5

Hence x = y 2 = 0.25 x=y^2=0.25

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